Elizabeth Bishop’s poem “The Fish” Essay

* The Theme of ‘True’ Beauty or ‘Inner’ Beauty: Neither her battered boat nor the â€Å"venerable† old fish is beautiful in conventional terms. Their beauty lies in having survived, & when the speaker realizes this, â€Å"victory filled up / the little rented boat† & she understands that â€Å"everything / was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow!† That is when she lets the fish return to his home in the water. The fish helps Bishop to notice true beauty: â€Å"The fish is only ugly or grotesque to the untrained or unempathic eye† (McCabe). The notion causes her to see other objects around her differently. Everything is a rainbow when she looks around. This feeling allows her to release the fish. The release, significant in its own sense, acknowledges Bishop’s respect for the fish. The poet, struck by the otherworldly beauty w/ which ordinary objects sometimes appear, as if cast in a color not their own, releases her concentrated gaze, & gives up both the poem & the fish. The composite image of the fish’s essential beauty–his being alive–is developed further in the description of the 5 fishhooks that the captive, living fish carries in his lip. * The Theme of Respect & Admiration: The admiration for the fish is ironic since he was detested when 1st caught. The relationship tween the fish & Bishop becomes even closer when she notices his lip. These broken fishing lines are the turning point tween her & the fish. Now, Bishop considers the catch an accomplishment. She sees evidence that 5 others have tried unsuccessfully to bring in this fish. The fish evolves into a majestic character She is able to use the description of the fish’s lip to evoke the idea of respect. The fish’s â€Å"beard† personifies him, characterizing him as intelligent. She values the fish because she realizes he has eluded other anglers. The ultimate respect is expressed w/ the fish’s release. Bishop knows the fish â€Å"†¦can’t be kept, but must be let go† (McCabe). Bishop recognizes that she will be able to hold the moment closer as a memory than by keeping the fish as a trophy. The real theme of Bishop’s poem is that of humanitarianism & respect for a fish’s lifelong  will to survive.

Cerebral Cortex and Phineas Gage

Cerebral Cortex and Phineas Gage Debbie Mintz PSY 360 July 25, 2011 Phineas Gage Paper Phineas Gage was a man who was a leader at his job and was a very likeable person. His family and friends agree that he would helpful to anyone, he was happy, and easy-going person. Then he received brain damage to his cerebral cortex, which is one’s cognitive functions are within their lobes located in the brain. Humans have four kinds of lobes located within the cerebral cortex that do different functions. Human Brain The human brain is covered with tissue known as the cerebral cortex, which large furrows (fissures) and small furrows (sulci), and there are ridges between the fissures and sulci known as gyri. Under the cerebral cortex tissue are four lobes, each lobe has a role in a humans cognitive functions. Phineas Gage was a man who received brain damage, and one will be able to see how it affected his cognitive functions. Four Lobes for Cognitive Functions Basically the cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes; because during development of our brain the pressure divides the area into four areas and the development of these lobes do different functions within our brain. The four lobes are known as frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and the occipital lobe (Pinel, 2009). One’s occipital lobe is what gives him or her visual input and helps guide their behavior, the occipital cortex with â€Å"large areas of an adjacent cortex perform this cognitive function† (Pinel, 2009, p. 69). In, the parietal lobe it has two large functional areas, the post central gyrus function, which it analyzes sensations one can feel from his or her body, such as touch. In the posterior section of the parietal lobes has the role of â€Å"perceiving the location of both objects and our own bodies and in directing our attention† (Pinel, 2009, p. 69). The cortex of one’s temporal lobes, which has three functional areas. For one’s language and hearing there is the superior temporal gyrus, the inferior temporal cortex identifies ones complex visual patterns, next is the medial ortian of the temporal cortex its cognitive function is for memory. The last of the four lobes is the frontal lobe, and it has two distinct functioning areas. The first area is the pre-central gyrus along with the adjacent frontal cortex have a motor function, and the â€Å"frontal cortex anterior to motor cortex performs complex cognitive functions† (Pinel, 2009, p. 69), such as assessin g the outcomes of possible patterns of behavior, preparation to reply with sequences, and assessing the signifince of the behavior of others (Pinel, 2009). Summary of what each lobe does †¢Occipital lobe for vision processing †¢Parietal lobe for movement, perception to stimuli, recognition, orientation. †¢Temporal lobe for perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, speech, and memory. †¢Frontal is for reasoning, parts of speech, movement, planning, problem-solving, and emotions (Brain Structures and their Functions, 2005) Phineas Gage (1823-1860) Phineas Gage is a good example to use when explaining what happens to a person who receives brain damage and how the damage can affect ones cognitive functions. At the age of 25 a young man’s life changed completely, Phineas Gage was a hard worker as well as the a supervisor for the crew he worked with, his or her job was to blast huge rocks to make the land ready for the railroad track in 1848. His job consist of using a tampering iron on the boulders that had gun power or dynamite in them to explode, accidents do happen, and Phineas Gage received a tampering iron exploded into his face. It was remarkable that he was alive as well as being able to walk three miles to find medical help. The doctor cleaned him up with amazement that he lived through this damage to his brain. From the doctors report the tampering iron made entry in the cranium and passed through the anterior left lobe, and made its exit in the medial line, along his sinus fracturing his frontal and parietal bones widely, substantial parts of the brain broken up and his left eye globe was protruding out the socket, within a half of a diameter (Mo, 2006). After this terrible accident according to (Mo, 2006), Phineas Gage retained full possession of his reason, but Gages wife, family, and friends began to see dramatic changes happening to him and his personality. Even the company he worked for tried to rehire him, but they could not because his behavior changed, he was mouthy, unpredictable, disrespectful, and grossest profanities. These was not Phineas Gage’s behavior before the tampering iron went through his brain and rearrange his cognitive function from his anterior left lobe (Mo, 2006). Which is located in the frontal lobe, and it is for reasoning, parts of speech, movement, planning, problem-solving, and emotions (Brain Structures and their Functions, 2005). This was not the Phenias Gage they knew; in fact anyone that knew Gage before states there is a drastic change to his mind. As a result of Phineas damage from his frontal cortex there was a complete loss of social inhibitions, and inappropriate behavior (Mo, 2006). To this day â€Å"the role of the frontal cortex is involved in personality changes and social cognition† (Mo, 2006, p. ) Phenias Gage lived a different life as a stable person, at a place where he was not known, presumably somewhere in Chile and live 13 more years. This shows that when one’s brain has damage that they can live through it, but as a different person. Ones cognitive functions can become altered by brain damage within their lobes in their brain. Phineas Gage he seemed to turn from a good natured person to a bad natured per son, does that mean a bad natured person can become altered to a good natured person?

Biographical Essay Work History Essay

My work history starts as a mother of two delightful teenagers. I have enjoyed spending time with my kids since they were babies and watching them grow into hard working, wonderful people. In recent years I helped create an exercise movement class for preschool aged children. In this job experience I created weekly lesson plans that included activities that stimulated their gross motor skills. Activities such as hopping on one foot, running, and jumping. We used games to increase the childrens hand and eye coordination. The bean bag toss was one of the popular games with the kids. I kept the parents informed of their child’s class experiences. Working for four years as a gymnastics instructor gave me the opportunity to teach young children ages two through nine. I was responsible for teaching gymnastics skills that would build into more complicated gymnastics skills. In the kids daily sessions of gymnastics I included activities that would increase their coordination and flexibility. I was expected to conduct an orderly class consisting of fun, skills, motivation, and discipline. I met with the parents on a monthly basis to show what the children had been learning in class. I strived to get to know the parents and keep them involved and informed of their child’s progress in gymnastics class. For more than fifteen years I have instructed fitness classes. Teaching these classes has strengthened my ability to work in a service-oriented job allowing me to establish a good relationship with the participants in my classes. It has been my responsibility to produce a safe class that is enjoyable, and productive. My classes have varied in participants including a senior’s aerobics class and a kid’s movement class. Teaching gymnastics to preschool aged kids was the most rewarding experience I had. The excitement of watching the children learn and master a skill was very thrilling, especially when they accomplished a difficult skill. The connection that I was able to make with each child was very satisfying. One of my top priorities was building the kids self-confidence and making each child know that they were very important. Services and / or Extracurricular Activities I spent five years as a  co-leader for a Girl Scout troop. While serving in this job I helped plan the girls meetings and outings. Earning badges was accomplished by finishing a lesson and doing an activity that went along with the lesson. We spent time at summer camps teaching the girls’ new songs, games, and how to cook out doors. I have taught Sunday school classes that consisted of two and three year old children. My job of service was to teach the lesson plan for the day; we enjoyed singing and playing games, coloring pictures, and using glue. Reasons for Choosing Education as a Career My dream of being a schoolteacher extends back into my early childhood. The jobs that I have had in the past have helped me in making a decision to become a schoolteacher and devote the rest of my life to teaching in a classroom. Teaching allows me to be involved in children’s lives and I can contribute to our society and help develop our future generations. Other careers that I have considered were Physical Therapy, or a Personal Trainer. I was attracted to these two jobs because of my background in the exercise field. But the desire to teach and be involved on a daily basis with children far surpasses the desires that other careers offer. Choosing teaching as a career I can have a huge impact in a child’s future. I will face many challenges along my path of teaching. But I also anticipate rewards of self-fulfillment. Teaching the hard to reach kids is a challenge I will face, and if I can help one of those children along the journey of life I will have made a difference. I look forward to the new faces at the beginning of the year and very familiar ones at the end of the year. Teaching opens up an opportunity to give to our children the ability to love to learn. Professional Goals In the future I will continue my education until I graduate with an Associate degree from the College of Southern Idaho. My following years I will continue my formal education to get my Bachelor degree. I intend to follow my dream of becoming a schoolteacher in the  elementary level of education. I will strive to make every child know that he/she is a very important person to me. I will give them the opportunity to succeed in a safe, kind, and learning environment.

EU communication strategy and the euro implementation Essay

EU communication strategy and the euro implementation - Essay Example f Sweden, this came in the form of a referendum that declined adoption of the unified currency, choosing instead to maintain its national identity and sovereignty and viewing adoption as a barrier to the country’s continued progress and prosperity. In the case of Slovakia, however, adoption was openly embraced, and the process undertaken as flawlessly as possible, supported by the national perception that the adoption of the euro will bring about economic stability and prosperity made possible by a single European market. The difference between the two countries is borne by the discrepancies in public perception about the prospects of euro adoption. This study examines the circumstances which circumscribed each case, the nature, strategies, and activities of the information campaign undertaken by the EC in each country. In comparing the communication campaigns in these two Member States, insights are gathered on the importance of an organized and well implemented information programme in forming favourable public perception and preparation of the citizenry for the transition, for the overall successful adoption of the euro. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of research and the context within which it shall be addressed. It presents the thesis statement sought to be substantiated, and explains the general methodology of arriving at the solution. The Chapter describes the approach that this dissertation takes in the course of arriving at a solution that leads to either the confirmation or negation of the thesis statement. The analysis is conducted according to the Integrative Framework for Effective Communication by Van den Putte, the particulars of which are explained in this Chapter. The topic of the dissertation is on the EU communication strategy and the euro implementation. The main research topic is approached through a comparative examination of the communication strategies employed in two countries, namely Sweden and Slovakia, in order to determine

Policy changes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Policy changes - Essay Example The current policy of the USA pertaining to the nuclear program of Iran has failed to serve its purpose and should be looked upon from a different dimension to have any positive effect. Like an expired drug, any outdated or faulty policy, if kept implemented, can have its adverse reaction. This is an important concept to understand. The effect of the USA current policy is not limited to Iran but it shares a common interest of many countries around the world. Iran’s desire to acquire nuclear technology has raised many eyebrows on the international horizon (Davis 2011). America continues to follow a non-lenient policy on this matter and has to come up with a strong response. President Obama’s speech in Cairo also addressed the issue of Iran’s nuclear program clearly stating the country’s policy on the subject. The U.S. has its concerns over Iran’s peaceful propositions. Therefore, a conflict is inevitable. Currently, the U.S. follows a policy of imple menting sanctions and using diplomatic tools to force Iran to give up its desire of pursuing nuclear technology. But nothing much has been achieved so far. Despite this fact few amendments have been made from the U.S. government in their current policy. As mentioned earlier, this has resulted in some side effects. Iran is now more determined to bypass the international forum. Retaliation also came in the form of Oil embargo that was imposed on the members of European Nation. Due to the fact that America has a history of rivalry with Iran, it could be deduced that any American enforcement will aggravate the situation. Moreover, it is the right of any country to utilize its resources to fuel the economy. Iran believes that a nuclear energy can resolve their crisis of energy needs and can boost their economy. Any obstacle from America that prevents Iran from achieving that goal will be viewed as a conspiracy against them. Therefore, a new policy is required to address this particular i ssue. A proposed policy could be a discussion with the Iranian Government over their energy needs, and an alternative solution to that crisis can be provided. How to Implement That Policy? The first and the foremost hurdle that resulted in the failure of the early policy was that it was implemented by the U.S. The history between the countries suggests that any proposition from any side will be dealt with criticism and suspicion (Fayazmanesh 2008). Moreover, this problem is not of the USA alone and president Obama made it very clear in his speech in Cairo that all the steps taken against Iran are in the best interest of all humanity. Let’s closely look at the situation, if Iran acquires nuclear technology, it will definitely initiate a nuclear arm race in the surrounding region that can have severe consequences. We cannot afford a third world war. If initiated, these nuclear weapons can lead to annihilation of our entire planet. But Iran is not ready to give up its program an d will surely reject the future U.S. policies. The cause of such response towards the U.S. policies by Iran can be traced back to history. The only country in the history of mankind that practically used nuclear weapons to destroy two cities and killed thousands of people in a blink of an eye is none other than the U.S. Though, many justifications were

Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employment Relations - Essay Example References are also given about different stages of employment relations starting from the beginning of the industrial revolution which resulted in mass production and mass employment. It is also why labour pressed for living wages and why labour movements at different times are connected to the living wage (Blanchflower et al., 2007). Literature review for the paper was written by taking into consideration both hypothetical and practical aspects of the manner in which living wage is connected to the labour movement and why labour started the movement to be paid a living wage. Research for a living wage is quite a debatable area, and there are many different theories regarding the inception and implementation for a living wage. The review examines a few theoretical aspects and then reviews empirical evidence of some contemporary findings. Analysis of the literature suggests that the issue raised is pragmatic which must consider the framework of negative or positive domestic local factors that contribute to the overall analysis of current and past relationships between employers and employees. Conceptual issues involved were reviews which included the progression of employment relations since labour started demanding a living wage. Nevertheless, the purpose of the review is to evaluate the available evidence to reach a coherent conclusion about relevant viewpoints of employment relations. The demand for minimum wages depends upon different factors such as the overall demand for labour, skill required for the job and the cost incurred by the employer for the product. The most difficult aspect of this is calculating wages considering outside influences. Literature for the different aspects of individual and collective bargaining, including various steps taken to improve the relationship have been discussed in this paper (Coats,

Country cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Country cultures - Essay Example He conducted his research amongst employees of IBM which he believed had a national representation of all cultures. In this discussion, I am going to discuss Hofstede’s approach to country cultures using his proposed model. First, there is the power or distance dimension. This dimension addresses the extent of inequality in the society and the level of acceptance in a community without power. In this dimension, when there is a high score of power/distance (PD) it implies that the community acknowledges unequal dispersion of power in the society and that people accept their placement as dictated by running systems. A low indication of PD sends signals that power is well distributed among members of a community and that people perceive themselves as equals. In relation to Canada, the PDI is approximately 40 according to Hofstede statistics. This is slightly lower than fifty percent implying that there is unequal distribution of power though not to a large extent. The PDI of China is 80 which indicate existence of high levels of unequal distribution of power compared to Canada. The second indicator is Individualism (IDV) which refers to the level at which people maintain ties with others in the community. A big score of IDV implies that there is loose bonding among individuals in the community. In countries which are characterized by a high IDV, there is low indication of interpersonal connection among people and people shy away from sharing except for immediate family members and friends (Hofstede 101). A community that has got low IDV indicates that people have strong cohesion among themselves. I addition, people respect and value each other. Canada’s IDV index is placed at eighty percent which is high score. This is an indication that there exists loose bonding among people in Canada compared to countries like China which has a score of 20. This shows that bonding among Chinese people is high compared to Canadians. Masculinity (MAS)

On Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On Television - Essay Example He goes on questioning whether the television medium presents the topics accurately or imperatively. The problem of the journalists and the news field is focusing on the truth which has chances to get either approved or disapproved. Like what has been discussed in the argument that â€Å"television presentations almost automatically dumb down due to cultural –social and technological structures of the field†. But according to Bourdieu the documentary series or program takes a little time to reach the likeness or approval of the audience than the story telling session, or dramas. The reason he has analysed is that news reports will be concentrated towards emphasising the true incident which has brought changes in the television production of the news field in a cultural concept, and the relationship that exist between the intellectuals and the public or the political and the social community. The success of the journalism in television media seems to depend mostly on the responsibility that the intellectual takes to reach the political and the social community. He mainly argues the role and the impact of the journalistic field in a television media with the social and cultural structures. He looks at the solution form the perspective of an individual, and so he says that if an individual takes the role of organising a news documentary for a television presentation so cautiously keeping in mind the social and political expectation rather than obliging what the television industry has to impose on a cultural circle. The television has changed the role of the journalistic field, though it has all forms of technologies to present the information true to life, the journalistic media remains a decline among the public. This he finds due to many reasons one would be that television has all the powerful cultural means to present all the recent political as well as social and cultural issues more effectively than the print media, as a result the television industry and

Chesapeake And New England Colonies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chesapeake And New England Colonies - Essay Example These are the things that inspired people to organize in various ways and to experiment with new ways of building communities. It was the Chesapeake colonies that introduced slavery to America. They had labor-intensive economies and required help. As this critic puts it: The Chesapeake colonies, Virginia and Maryland, established in the early 17th century, and later the Carolinas, were settlement colonies where land was initially given to colonists in exchange for their efforts to cultivate and work it. Those colonists who fared well in the harsh conditions could accumulate enough land to require additional labor to work their holdings. After unsuccessful attempts to use native groups as workers, wealthy colonists imported indentured servants from Britain - an available supply of workers because of population growth. (PBS) We can see here how the seeds were sowed for eventual conflict between north and south in the American Civil War of the 1860s. The America of the 18th century was an impressive and increasingly confident place. Even though the colonies of New England and the Chesapeake were very different places, they were beginning to show similar qualities. Both were independent places where people spoke their minds and respected their neighbours. Both were full of hardworking individuals who envisaged a better life for their children. By examining the history of these two, most important, colonies we can begin to see the form that America would take in all its glory.

Special Features of Managing Human Resources Research Paper

Special Features of Managing Human Resources - Research Paper Example 2. Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce using an array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques. (Guest, 1999) There are a number of things to notice in Storey's listing. Firstly, human resource management is clearly not simply the province of the human resource manager. Line managers play a critical role in human resource management and, in fact, could be argued to be the main organisational exponents of people management. Secondly, human resource management is firmly embedded in business strategy. Unlike the personnel manager, the HR manager is part of the top level strategic team in the organisation and human resource management plays a key role in the achievement of business success. Thirdly, the shaping of organisational culture is one of the major levers by which effective human resource management can achieve its objectives of a committed workforce. Thus, human resource management is concerned not only with the formal processes of the management of people but also with all the ways in which the organisational culture is established, re-inforced and transmitted. 3. Organizational development and innovation is ...ues, strategies, structures and practices so that the organization can better adapt to competitive actions, technological advances, and the fast pace of other changes in the environment. Organization development helps managers recognize that organizations are systems with dynamic interpersonal relationships holding them together. The reasonable next step was to try to change groups, units, and entire organizations so that they would support, not necessarily replace, change efforts. In short, the general objective of organizational development is to change all parts of the organization in order to make it humanly responsive, more effective, and more capable of organizational learning and self-renewal. It relies on systems orientation, causal models, and a set of key assumptions to guide it.4. The flexible model of working shows the ability of the company to also consider the needs of the employees in terms of time. This model shows h ow flexibility affects both the employers and the employees. There are advantages and disadvantages with using this model. The term flexible working refers to working practices, mutually agreed between employee and employer, which cover working hours, locations or patterns of work. Such arrangements have to comply with the law on working time, including hours, rest breaks and the working week. 5. As work has become less central to people's lives, vying for time with family and leisure, many have become concerned with what is termed the 'work-life balance'. 'Work-life balance is about people having a measure of control over when, where and how they work. It is achieved when an individual's right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as the norm, to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and

Common Traits of the Filipinos Essay Example for Free

Common Traits of the Filipinos Essay Common Traits It is difficult to define and ascertain the very core of what it is to be a Filipino. History tells us that the Filipinos as we know now had an untraceable origin. All that we can do now is to determine the common traits that are common to all of the Filipinos. Common traits among Filipinos can be traced throughout its existence, from the pre-colonial era up to the present era that we have now. There is something that is particularly common and at the same time unique from among all of us as oppose to different races from Asia. And from this point of view we can depart and establish in some commonalities what it is to be a Filipino which is unique in particular throughout Asia and in general throughout the world. A. Hospitality One of the common traits of a Filipino is the word Hospitality. Hospitality comes from the Latin word, â€Å"Hospes†meaning â€Å"Host†, â€Å"guest†, or â€Å"stranger†. Hospes is formed from hostis, which means â€Å"stranger† or â€Å"enemy† which is synonymous to hostility. In a nutshell, Hospitality means welcoming the guest, stranger, or even the enemy into your own house. According to Derrida there two(2) types of hospitality, the first one is Conditional Hospitality, and the second one is the Absolute Hospitality. In the vernacular language, Conditional Hospitality means, you welcome the stranger, guest, or even the hostile within the bounds of condition e. g like they should only sleep in the master bedroom and only sleep in the couch or sala, they cannot go into the bedroom or they should not touch anything. In other words, they are bound to certain restrictions. On the other hand, in contrast to Conditional Hospitality, Absolute hospitality is a form of welcoming the other with open arms up to the point of embracing the other unconditionally. Absolute hospitality knows no boundaries, in fact, welcoming the other might be dangerous because this other’s personality is unascertainable, maybe he is a convict or any other psychopath but absolute hospitality will welcome any other stranger that will knock into your own homes even if such stranger would kill you. And this Absolute hospitality is the kind of hospitality that is present and predominant among Filipinos, this is a kind of hospitality that is selfless at its purest up to the point of even sacrificing his own family just for the sake of the visitor or guest. And this was clearly depicted by the historian Teodoro A. Agoncillo when he wrote that: â€Å"Perhaps you happen to drop in at an unholy hour of the day or night. Sensing that you are hungry, he prepares the best food for you, ignoring the fact that there would not be enough for the next supper for his family. Meanwhile, he gives you something with which you could eat whiles away your time. You hear him or his wife puttering about the kitchen desperately hurrying up the preparation of the food in order not to keep you waiting. There is always a sense of urgency in his movements, for he does not want to inconvenience you. He makes you feel that he is honored by your invasion of his privacy at an unholy hour of the night. † This Absolute hospitality is the one that is being misunderstood by foreigners, especially by the Spanish colonizers, who thought that such trait is an embodiment of inferiority and obsequiousness. And only that such trait is also prone to abuses made up by the Foreign colonizers which proceeded to tell their hearers that they fell victims to the wiles of the Filipino women. B. Close Family ties The family is one of the oldest and most important social institutions on earth in it is the basic institution of the government, all starts from and within the family it is the primordial institution of our society. With this, it is noteworthy to mention Anthropologist Margaret Mead,she based her research and affirmed the centrality of the nuclear family in human society. She said: â€Å"As far back as our knowledge takes us, human beings have lived in families. We know of no period when this was not so. We know of no people who have succeeded for long in dissolving the family or displacing it†¦ Again and again, in spite of proposals for change and actual experiments, human societies have reaffirmed their dependence on the family as the basic unit of human living—the family of father, mother and children. ’’ In consonance with such research, one of the traits among Filipinos is its close family ties because even up to time immemorial Filipinos are still dependent and interdependent with their families, that even some are already at the age of 40 and having produced so many kids, his existence is still closely related to his Parents. Parents up to the end of the adolescent period of their sons or daughters still have the capacity to support and even provided sustenance to their own sons or daughters. Unlike in foreign countries, particularly in the U. S wherein the their sons or daughters have achieved the age of 18, they are already free to go out of the boundaries of their home and eventually establish a life outside the reach of their family, they can already rent their own apartment and have a job. Which is particularly remote to the traits of a Filipino, if such person was allowed by their parents to live in own life and establish his own stance then eventually such Family would be treated or lookup upon with unbecoming eyes, like such parents is not a worthy parent to father their own child. In Filipino Family, it ordinarily consist of the grandparents, the parents and the children. The Father is the head of the family, but while he rules, the mother governs. For it is the mother that reigns in the home, she is the educator, the financial officer, the accountant, the censor, the laundry woman, and the cook. But above the ruler and the governor are the grandparents, who opinions and decisions on all important matters are sought. Will a newborn child be baptized? The grandparents are consulted and what they say carries much weight. It is the grandparents that have the last word from every decision that the family would make, would they consult a doctor in case the child or sick? The answer depends on the grandparents since they would prefer a herbolario (herb doctor) It is in their experience that will go against any written knowledge that their sons and daughters have achieved, it is with experience that they will use to override you knowledge. And besides such characteristics, one of the predominant characters of the Family is its hierarchical status, since the Philippines is a predominantly catholic country, the impact of such religions echoes even up to the deepest depth of the Family which is embodied in its patriarchal stance. Every decision if you would not be consulted with the grandparent should be consulted with the Father, and nothing more nothing else. The mother may have to say many things, but if the head of the family started to talk then it is the end of the line for is words, would be the law and only the prevailing law of every family. C. Respect for the elders In addition to the power of the grandparents, every grandparents should be treated with respect in all kinds of behavior towards them. In casual conversation, the should be an additional words of respect like â€Å"po† and â€Å"opo. † It is unthinkable for a Filipino do utter words of ingratitude to their elderly. If in other country, they just call their elderly in their own names as oppose to the Filipinos which they approach their elderly in a courteous manner characterized by words of gratitude and respect. And the respect for the elderly includes respect for the elder sister and brother. It is the responsibility of the elder brother to perform the duties of the father and mother to the younger members of the family. One finds that among Filipino family the elder brother or sister sacrifice his career for the sake of the young ones who must have an education. Even after his marriage, the elder brother sets aside a small part of his salary for his younger brother and sisters. The latter, in turn, are expected to look up to their elder brother with awe and respect. Kissing the hands of the parents and old relatives or neighbors as a sign of respect is extended to the elder brother or sister. Among â€Å"old† and â€Å"respectable families,† even cousins kiss the hands of their elder cousins as a sign of respect. D. Fatalistic Filipinos are intrinsically fatalistic. Fatalism is defined as a doctrine that events are fixed in advance so that human beings are powerless to change them. In other words, everything is determined, it is a doctrine that amplifies the subjugation of all events or actions to fate. Philosophically, fatalism generally refer to these ideas, that humans are powerless to do anything other than we can actually do, e. g the power to influence the future which is very similar to pre-determinsm. An attitude of resignation in the face of some future event or events which are thought to be inevitable, that actions are free, but nevertheless work toward an inevitable end, and lastly that acceptance is appropriate, rather than against inevitability. These fatalism is best symbolized in the phrase â€Å"Bahalana,† a phrase that defies translation but which may be rendered loosely as â€Å"come what may. † Can you go through that wall of fire? Bahalana. Are you sure you can convince him to give up his plan of leaving home? Bahalana. There are dangers ahead, Bahalana. Such fatalism has bred in the Filipino a sense of resignation. It is tis that he faces disaster or tragedy with resignation. HE appears indifferent in the face of graft and corruption. He appears impassive in the face of personal misfortune. Yet this â€Å"Bahalana† attitude prevents him from being a crackpot. E. Loyalty As Joyce Mayanrd puts it, â€Å"A person who deserves my loyalty receives it. † Loyalty is defined as a faithfulness or devotion to a person, country, group or cause. For Josiah Joyce loyalty is the willing and practical and thoroughgoing devotion of a person to a cause. The cause has to be an objective one. It cannot be ones personal self. It is something external to oneself that one looks outward to the world to find, and that cannot be found within. It concerns not ones own person, but other people. The devotion is active, a surrendering of ones self-will to the cause, that one loves. Moreover, according to Royce, loyalty is social. Loyalty to a cause unites the many fellow-servants of that cause, binding them together in their service. That is why loyalty to a friend or benefactor is one trait that is very strong with every Filipino. Do him a little favor and he remembers you to the ends of his days. And such trait is best described and characterized as â€Å"utangnaloob. † For the Filipino, friendship is sacred and implies mutual help under any circumstances. A friend is expected to come to the aid not only of personal friend but also to the friend’s family. That is why when the Americans gave their help to oust the Japanese imperial army here in the Philippines, such help was inculcated to every minds of the Filipino people and throughout the history books, the such a friend help you in such detrimental situation. For the Filipino, it is hardly conceivable that the United States should turn out to be an ingrate, knowing that they stood by her in the darkest hour. Such attitude is beyond the comprehension of the Americans, for the latter understands of friendship is different from that of the Filipino. The American is ruthlessly businesslike and will not allow sentimentalism to stand in the way of fulfilling his destiny or objective. This â€Å"ruthlessness† the Filipino does not understand. Thus, it can be considered as a misplaced loyalty, which is an unreciprocated loyalty, because the Americans would only be loyal only to such an end that it will satisfy their desires and needs, and as long as they are being benefited with such they would not care if such things would be treated as sentimental as the Filipino’s see as it is. F. Tendency to be indolent For Luc de Clapiers â€Å"Indolence is the sleep of the mind. † It is a state where the body and mind of a person is idle. Nothing innovative to do nor to say. This trait is common to every Filipino, as Rizal explained, the Filipinos has this tendency to be indolent as the result of the tropical climate which makes even the Westerner indolent in these parts of the paradise. But aside from the warm climate, indolence may partly explained by the abundance with which Nature has endowed the country, a fact which makes the Filipino exert less effort in the belief that he does not have to work hard to make both ends meet. Then too because of the close family and personal ties, the Filipino is assured of three square meals every day if only e would have the nerve to go from one relative to another. He knows that no relative or friend would turn him out and so he imposes himself on his willing or unwilling victims. G. Jealousy For Lawrence Durrell, â€Å"it is not love that is blind, but jealousy. † One of the trait of a Filipino is the feeling of being jealous. For every Filipino does not look with favor on a woman who flirts with several men. To him the sweet heart’s or the wife’s eyes are meant only form him and for no other. Even his closest friend cannot kiss his wife with impunity on the pretext that it is a brotherly kiss. The Filipino, therefore, requires complete faith and loyalty of his wife or sweetheart. A deviation from this unwritten law oftentimes leads to a bloody mess. Among the many examples is when a Jealous husband stabs his wife and hacks his neighbor, It is in a fit of jealousy that a husband stabbed dead his wife then attack the woman’s alleged paramour in barangay Yati, Liloan, northern Cebu. Police said that the husband was furius when his 41 year old wife, admitted to him that she and a married neighbor in 39 years of age had a relationship. It was their daughter who told the police that she heard her mother shouting for help in the 1:30 a. m in that morning. The daughter ran to her parents room and saw her knife wielding father standing in front of her mother, who was lying bloodied on the top of the bed. Her mother died because of multiple stab wounds. It is not only this instance that the jealousy of a betrayed husband was actualize there are many instances wherein such things had happened, bloody killings, are often enough reported in the daily newspapers, and are frequent and usual upshot is jealousy, for to a Filipino blood is required to was the stain of his honor H. Camaraderie Pakikisama or camaraderie among other nation is also one of the best traits that Filipino possesses. The spirit of comradeship makes Filipinos trustworthy beings. The idea of bayanihan was established because of Filipino camaraderie. Filipino shows no elements of deceit, dishonesty and selfishness. Everybody is willing to help one another is the other is in need of help. I. Regionalism Regionalism is defined as a Political subdivision of an area into partially autonomous region, which characterize by loyalty to the interest of a particular region. A Feature of such is an expression, a pronunciation, or a custom, that is characteristic of a geographical area. It is also a quality in literature that is the product of fidelity to the habits, speech, manners, history, folklore, and beliefs of a particular geographical section. That is why a Filipino, does not think in terms of national boundaries but in regional oneness. This feeling is an extension of the closeness of family ties. Invariably, the Filipino believes that the person known to him, no matter how bad is btter than the one unknown to him no matter how. Good. Thus one finds college or university students calling a meeting of all those who come from the different parts of county. [ 2 ]. C. Lewis, Elementary Latin Dictionary (Oxford Univ. Press, 2000), p. 371. [ 3 ]. Who is derrida [ 4 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, CE publishing Inc. ,2012, p. 6-7 [ 5 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 7 [ 6 ]. Editorial, Familiy Ties, Philippine Daily Inquirer, September 20, 2011 [ 7 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 7 [ 8 ]. Hugh Rice ,Fatalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved December 2, 2010 p. 71 [ 9 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 9-10 [ 10 ]. Martin, Mike W. ,Virtuous giving: philanthropy, voluntary service, and caring. Indiana University Press. p. 40. [ 11 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 10 [ 12 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 11 [ 13 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 12.

Metropolitan Opera House Essay Example for Free

Metropolitan Opera House Essay Maria Callas gives an outstanding performance at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. This is unsurprising as Callas was one of the most famous sopranos of her time and a recognised Diva. The Newspaper review is gushing in praise of Callas who gives a powerful and convincing performance. It is noted that the reviewer had some reservations on a previous performance but the performance of Violetta in La Traviata left the reviewer in no doubt that Callas gave a performance that was the best interpretation he had ever witnessed in all his time attending and reviewing operas. The performance as Viloletta is a more congenial part than previously seen by the reviewer and it has so much passion and personal interpretation that it is difficult to distinguish between the dramatic and vocal performances. The whole performance seems real and the acting and singing become one, the perfect operatic qualities. The words in an opera can seem disjointed and difficult to express when read without music and it is Callas who brings the script and plot alive by sewing all the parts together to make an outstanding dramatic performance in conjunction with the musical performance by the orchestra.. She still had the slight wobble in her voice which is evident on the CD in some places, for example at 1:19 and 02:00 when the singing becomes fortissimo. However her reputation as a performer was so great that her fans and the reviewer where able to forgive this perceived fault and even claim that it added to the intensity of her performance. It shows emotion in the voice and this adds to the tragic quality of the roles often played by female opera singers. The CD shows a wide range of singing from the initial pianissimo start and the pizzicato accompaniment from the string section building up to 1:13 when Callas builds to an ornament at 1:19. The whole performance is very smooth and displays and you can hear the passion in Callas’ voice when she expresses her feelings. The reviewer mentions her striking presence which is an important part of opera throughout the world. Callas’ presence was reinforced by her status as a Diva and her reputation was worldwide. She had performed for the previous 7 years at La Scala in Milan to triumphant reviews and had gained publicity 4 years earlier when her appearance changed dramatically having lost 30 kilos in weight. She was married to a prominent businessman and Opera lover and was on the verge of starting a relationship with a world famous shipping magnate. Callas was portrayed as a Diva in much the same way as someone like Madonna is today and the public interest in her life only served to fuel her presence and reputation on the stage. Opera is performance on a grand scale so much so that opera venues are some of the grandest, most iconic and well recognised places in the world, for example the Sydney Opera House. Those who succeed in such an environment must be larger than life personalities. Maria Callas was certainly a Diva and her life was followed and reported by fans and the press alike. Her life was lived in the glare of publicity and even though she led a private life following her retirement in 1965 she still attracted great interest when she made public appearances. It is easy to see the appeal of her character and that many people liked to think of her as a tragic heroine due to difficult events in her life. In many ways this mirrored the Operatic roles she played with so much conviction it sometimes blurred the boundaries between reality and performance.

Gambling Addiction Literature Review

Gambling Addiction Literature Review Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This chapter covers a review of past literatures pertaining to the topic under study. As an opening, it brings in the limelight the backbone of gambling. Several definitions about gambling and the rationale behind are put forward as described by several authors. Following this, the different types of gambling activities adopted by the university students are highlighted; namely poker, sports wagering and lotteries for example. Furthermore, gamblers response towards the gambling activities and their problems are reviewed and contrasted. 2.2 What is gambling? Gambling is the wagering of money or something of material value (stakes) on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning additional money or goods. Three key elements in gambling are: Consideration, Chance and Prize (I. N. Rose, 2013). McGill university review refers gambling as any game or activity in which you may risk money or a valuable object in order to win money. The elements present in gambling are firstly that one needs to realize that by gambling, something valuable is being put at risk, secondly the outcome of the game is determined by chance and finally once a bet is made it is irreversible. 2.3 History of gambling: Gambling is one of mankind’s oldest doings as indicated by writings and equipments found in tombs and other places. The foundation of gambling is considered to be divinatory by emitting marked sticks and other objects and inferring the upshot, man sought the understanding of future and the aims of gods. Anthropologists have also pointed to the fact that gambling is more rampant in societies where there is an extensive belief in gods and spirits whose compassion may be sought. With the advent of legal gambling houses in the 17th century, mathematicians came to a decision to take a serious awareness in games of randomizing equipment, such as dice and cards, out of which grew the field of probability theory. Organised approved sports betting dates back to the late 18th century where there was a swing in the official stance towards gambling, from considering it to a sin to considering it to a vice and a human weakness and lastly to seeing it as a mostly harmless and even entertaining activity. By the start of the 21th century approximately four out of five people in western nations gambled at least every week. 2.4 Who is a gambler? A person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events can be categorized as a gambler. Gamblers can visit gambling houses, or through any other facility, to place their bets and hope for a win. There are three common types of gambler the social gambler, the professional gambler and the problem gambler. The professional gamblers are the rarest form of gambler and do not depend on luck but much more of games of skills to make an earning. They have full control over the money, time and energy they are spending on the game. The social gambler considers gambling to be a recreational activity and they maintain control of their betting, the energy and the time they spend on the game. They consider their betting to be a price to be paid for entertainment. Problem gambler involves the continuous involvement in gambling despite negative consequences and this can lead to other health and social problems. 2.5 Gambling across the globe 2.5.1 Gambling age The gambling age across the globe varies greatly. In some countries and areas gambling is proscribed altogether, in others gambling is only authorized for foreigners. In some areas, everyone is allowed to play but the betting age requirement is not the same for citizens as for foreigners. An example of such a country is Portugal where foreigners are allowed to venture in all casinos at the age of 18, while citizens need to be 21 or 25 depending on the gaming house. The most familiar gambling age across the sphere is 18 years and more than 50% of western countries have this gambling age. There are nonetheless abundance of examples of countries that have a superior limit, such as Greece and Germany. Germany is a good model of how thorny the question of gambling age really is as Germany, just like in the USA, has different ages in different states within the nation. Most German states require you to be 18 years old, but some have placed the age constraint at 21 years instead. Generally speaking, one can see a trend of countries and states lowering the gambling age from the once dominating gambling age of 21 year to just 18 years. This trend has been going for quite some time and across large parts of the world. 2.5.2 Top of the world Certain countries are, as a whole, hot ongambling. Measured in terms of loss per capita of adults, the two top nations containing the maximum loss stand head and shoulders above the world. Those two infamous gambling Mecca’s are Australia and Singapore (American Gaming Association, 2006). The top five countries as to gambling losses per capita of the adult population comprise: Australia, Singapore, Ireland, Canada and Finland. The average net yearly per adult expenditure on gambling for these nations runs from $1,275 down to $540 (American Gaming Association, 2006). 2.6 Gambling in Mauritius: It was recently declared that the Council of Ministers in Mauritius endorsed the resolution that bookmakers operating out of the Champ de Mars racecourse are now permitted to work only on Fridays and Saturdays. Till now they were allowed to take bets upon publication of the official program of races on Thursdays. The raison dà ªtre set for this decision is that it will smooth the progress of condensing the influence of gambling on the Mauritians. Gambling has become part of the foundation of the Mauritian society over the years. This takes account of casino gambling, online gambling, horse race betting and the â€Å"loterie verte†. Althoughhorse racingis still a popular betting sport, the Lotto, since its preface on the 7th of November 2009 as the new national lottery, has exceeded it in standing. We just have to pay attention to the radio for a few minutes or take a glimpse at the billboards when driving on the public road to get to know about the jackpot for the coming draw. There are more than 500 counters across the island in supermarkets, petrol pumps, and shops facilitating customers to play the Lotto. Around 12 scratch cards have also been pioneered giving people the prospect of winning instant money. When people primarily used to place their hard-earned money on horses, now they are being ensnared into wasting it on the Lotto. A considerable number of people are already conquered by the â€Å"jackpot feverâ₠¬ , spending more than usual when the jackpot gets bigger. 2.7 Types of gambling: Gambling is a vast world which compromises of many branches from which people try their luck in the hope to make more money or just for the thrill of the game. In Mauritius you can easily find casinos, gaming houses (which is smaller than a casino but offers the same service for middle class players) and shops where you gamble. Some of the available forms of gambling present on the island are: 2.7.1 The lottery. The ‘lottery verte’ and the Lotto are the most common and most profitable types of gambling for the government in Mauritius. The ‘Lottery verte’ is a monthly lottery where you have to buy the tickets at a retailer, which can be found everywhere, and you just have to wait for the end of the month to check your results and see if you have won. The prices of the tickets are Rs10 each and you are eligible to win prices ranging from Rs 100000 to Rs 10 million. On the other hand you have the Lotto which settled itself in Mauritius more recently and now it’s the new craze for Mauritian. The idea is that you have to select 6 numbers out of 40 (each number can be selected only once) and then you just have to go to any supermarkets or retailer to validate your 6 numbers. Each ticket cost Rs20 and you can play as much ticket you want. The lottotech, the company which runs the lotto, makes a public draw, on air, on the national channel every Sa turday. The lotto is a lottery where you have a cumulative jackpot, that is if no one wins the jackpot this week then the other week they will add this to a new jackpot thus every time you have the chance of winning a bigger one if you lose, and this jackpot starts at Rs5 million and can go up to Rs70 million (biggest jackpot won till now). 2.7.2 Horse racing. Horse racing is anchored in our society for ages and it forms part nowadays in our cultural and historical heritage. It was introduced in Mauritius by the English before the independence and it is still going strong. In the beginning horse racing was more for fame and social status than for making money and gambling. Latter to make the horse industry run and thrive, the board introduced betting on the horse racing and this was also a good opportunity for government to get tax money. Horse racing is a huge event in Mauritius, every Saturday and on some special occasions on Sundays we have horse racing at the Champ de Mars which is the race tracks found in the capital Port Louis. Nowadays in every rural and urban area you can find bookmakers who will take your bets on the horses as from Friday and on racing days you have a huge crowd who converge to the Champ de Mars for the fun and in the hope of making money. 2.7.3 Casino. A casino is a facility which accommodates certain types of gambling activities such as slot machines, poker, blackjack, big or small, van lak, dice and roulette for example. Casinos are situated at strategic areas to lure more and more clients, such strategic areas might be near hotels, touristic attractions, or even a city or town which is well frequented by many people. In Mauritius you have many casinos or gaming houses, which are smaller casinos but still well frequented by the people, found in the urban areas such as Rose-Hill, Vacoas, Port-Louis and some touristic places such as Grand Baie. Most games played have mathematically-determinedoddsthat ensure the house has at all times an overall advantage over the players. This can be expressed more precisely by the notion ofexpected value, which is uniformly negative (from the players perspective). This advantage is called thehouse edge. This is why there is an adage â€Å"the house always wins† for the casinos . In Mauritius nowadays we can witness more and more casinos being offered a patent and opening their doors to the public. The government knows that this is a prolific market and if they can make gambling accessible to more tourists and people it will surely be an advantage to them since the casinos have to pay a huge tax and money to get their patent. We can see that several tournaments are being organized in Mauritius, such as the World Poker Tour National Mauritius, which lures people from all over Africa and the Indian Ocean to come to Mauritius just to play poker. The hotels now when they are advertising the island they also advertise casinos to get more tourists, a new clientele and a really good strategy that differs from other hotels as they are targeting more and more high class ‘gambling tourists’ and which is a very profitable market. 2.7.4 Scratch cards. This is the new craze among the Mauritian people. Scratch cards are simple and easily available across the whole island. The rule is simple just buy one and you have to scratch the opaque surface which concealed the information, if you get the required symbols you win, and the most attractive part of it is the opportunity to win instantly as compared to lottery where you have to wait for the draw and the prices at which they are sold and the prizes that you can get from it. Cards can range from Rs20 to Rs100 and prizes may vary from Rs200 000 to Rs1 million. The scratch cards are supervised by the Lottotech the same company which manage the Lotto in Mauritius. 2.7.5 Online gambling. Easy, availability, and affordable are the words usually associated with online gambling. Easy to log in on some betting sites, no account needs to be created and no fees to be paid. Availability because of the fact that it is all over the internet, you do not have to look far to find online gambling sites. Banner ads and pop-ups can be found on mostly every site which has a high level of traffic by people. It is affordable since some sites just let you bet for free and if you win then you have to cash in to be able to play, some allows you to choose how many you want to bet and give you live odds according to what is happening which cannot be found elsewhere. Online gambling targets most of the time teenagers, this is a strategy called ‘grooming’ whereby they make the teenagers feel acquainted with the attractiveness of the game so that when he becomes older he will still be a potential income earner and a player. 2.8 Gambling among university students Gambling is omnipresent among university students as demonstrated through researches. The vast majority of students gamble without experiencing ill effects, yet almost 8% of university students may build up a gambling problem (Derevensky, J. L., Gupta, R. (2007). Gambling was once an acceptable form of entertainment on campuses but with the new laws, it is now forbidden to participate in any kind of gambling activities, but still it can be found everywhere. However, the warning signs of developing a gambling problem are not brought forward, as is seen with other potentially addictive behaviors, such as drug use and alcohol consumption. With the swell in gambling venues, social recognition of gambling, and access to extensive and inexpensive means of gambling, it is not astounding that studies have found high rates of gambling linked adverse problems among college students. 2.9 Problem gambling Problem gambling or ludomania is an urge to continuously gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop. The prevalence of problem gambling has been evaluated at 7.8% among university students which is considerably high than the roughly 5% rate found among the general population (Blinn, Pike, Worthy, Jonkman, 2006). Students facing problem gambling illustrate many signs including isolating behavior, lowered academic performance, poor impulse control and displaying extreme overconfidence, and participating in other high risk behaviors such as bringing on alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use and risky sexual behavior (LaBrie, etal, 2003), (Goodie, A.S, 2005). Environmental factors also contribute to problem gambling. The surroundings of a student are a key factor in determining whether he is prone to problem gambling. If the students live in an area where gambling opportunities and social normative beliefs that are supportive of gambling activities are available, this i ncreases the likelihood of gambling participation and of development of a gambling problem. Staffs that are conscious of environmental conditions that may contribute to problem gambling can develop policies to help these students (Wehner,M. 2007). 2.9.1 Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling Whether you wage on scratch cards, sports, poker, roulette, or slots, in a casino or online, problem gambling can sprain relationships, impede with work, and escort to fiscal cataclysm. You may even do things you never contemplate you would, like stealing money to gamble or reimburse your debts. You may believe you can’t stop but, with the right help, you can triumph over a gambling problem or compulsion and reclaim control of your life. The first step is recognizing and acknowledging the problem. Gambling dependence is occasionally referred to as the hidden illness because there are no apparent substantial signs or symptoms like there are in drug or alcohol addiction. Problem gamblers on average refute or minimize the problem. They also go to great lengths to bury their gambling habits. For example, problem gamblers regularly depart from their loved ones, sneak around, and lie about where they’ve been and what they’ve been up to (Jeanne Segal, Ph.D., Melinda Smi th, M.A., and Lawrence Robinson, 2013).

Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He killed three monsters and then he died. Not a very interesting fate, but it is none the less one that I find myself having to write about regardless of whether or not I want to. Thus it was, the mighty Beowulf of old England that went forth to slay the evils which plagued the lands of his own people as well as those of his neighboring tribes. The second battle was one that was brought about by Beowulf’s willingness to go and help an old friend, and thus he nearly lost his life once more. For those not acquainted with the story of Beowulf, he was said to be the strongest man ever to live, and given this he was fated according to their beliefs to accomplish certain things in his life. Some of these things being to be slaying of great monsters and winning of great wars. And thus that is what he did as he progressed through life. The epic is rather brief in terms of what an epic normally is, but, in this time he manages to travel to a distant land, and slay a monster that has taken over that land, and then after that feat he of course makes that monsters mother mad, you know you can do something to someone without making dear old mom mad. So, then Beowulf must kill the mother and then after they are both sent into hell, the land is free of tyranny and injustice Beowulf returns home a hero. After fifty winters of rule by Beowulf, a dragon attacks his people because of what was done by a thief, so Beowulf knowing in his old age that he would probably not survive this battle to slay the dragon, goes into battle anyway and slays the dragon and he himself is then slain, by injuries sustained by this fight. My focus is fate, and how no matter how Beowulf decided to do it he would eventually die for his people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those of the age of Beowulf, were strong believers in fate and destiny. Everyone was born with a fate already assigned to them by the gods. And this was the case with Beowulf. â€Å"One of Hygelac’s thanes, Beowulf by name, renowned among the Geats for his great bravery, heard in his own country of Grendal’s crimes; he was the strongest man alive, princely and powerful. He gave orders that a good ship should be prepared, said he would sail over the sea to assist the famous leader, the warrior king (Hrothgar) since he needed hardy men.† (Crossley, Beowulf). Beowulf would set sail for Hrothgar’s kingdom an... ... their, â€Å"fate†. Beowulf takes with him the greatest of warriors when he goes to fight the dragon and they all falter, it is because there is uncommon valor and bravery within Beowulf, it was the same with Batman. â€Å"Gotham not only has a mayor, but a police commissioner, a police chief, and squads of officers, but it is Batman who defeats the city’s dragons†. (Beowulf to Batman, Rollin) Beowulf fulfilled two of the roles in Gotham, he was the mayor and Batman. It was this that made him great and it was his fate that led him to do it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I do hereby conclude, that the effects of the belief in fate has had great effect over society and history the like. However I do believe that in the delivery of an epic poem it is best to concentrate specifically on the material contained within the epic first and to then reevaluate the symbolic and hidden meaning after the initial meaning of the poem is understood. I have myself had to reread the poem in order do make enough sense of it to be able to write about it. Beowulf has many things, namely concepts and ideals contained within it that we should all take into consideration and perhaps even model into our own lives.

What is an Interview? Essay example -- Interviews Employment Workforce

What is an Interview? An interview is a conversation, which is held between two or more individuals where some questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information about the interviewee. When the assignment Conduct a Job Search was given to us, we were excited. This kind of project was not only to help graduating students, like ourselves but anyone who is entering the workforce. An interview can be one of the best experiences. The interviewing program we have developed will be taught through slides, presentation, systematic activities, and skits. Individual folders will be handed out including pictures that will demonstrate how to wear the right clothes for the interview. The skits that some of participants in the session will be partake in is to give them a little feel on what types of appropriate things they could say and not say (which can play a big part whether or not you will get hired). During the training session, we will motivate the class by having donuts and coffee to show our appreciation for coming to the session. We hope to give the participants a peace of mind on what could assist them with finding employment or a great career. Table of Contents Part I †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview Groundwork Objectives o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pretest (see appendix) o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Timeline Part II †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Job Seeking o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What to Bring o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resumes (see appendix) o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cover Letters (see appendix) o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thank you letters (see appendix) Part III †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proper Interview Attire o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Men o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the Interview †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Activity: How to tie a tie Part IV †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Game: HIRED o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score card (see appendix) Part V †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Skits Introduction o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proper Interview o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attitude/Unmotivated o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unprepared/Inappropriate dress Part VI †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Behavior While on Interview †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helpful tips Part VII †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discussion †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Posttest (see appendix) Appendix References Introduction Interview Groundwork: Steps to the Interview educates people on how to go about obtaining employment and the process one goes through from finding a job to the interview. From this training session we hope you obtain knowledge of different areas and ways to look for a job, writing resumes and cover letters, proper attire for the interview, commonly asked interview questions, and how to behave while on an interview. We will achieve ... ... is what determines your eligibility and if you are in the door. How you control yourself, answer questions, and behave is what the recruiter will be looking for. Appendix †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pre-test †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cover letter †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Example resume †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thank-you letter †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attire Checklist †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How to tie a tie †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hired Game Cards (2 win/2 lose) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview questions to expect †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Questions to ask the interviewer †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Post-test These handouts will be in individual folders given to the audience before the training session begins. Along with these handouts will be a tie for the How to Tie a Tie activity. Manual will be available on disk. References: Attire http://www.career.vt.edu/JOBSEARC/BusCasual.htm http://www.career.vt.edu/JOBSEARC/interview/APPEARANCE.html Behavior Http://ucdavis.placementmanual.com/interviewing/interviewing-02.html Hired Activity http://www.glencoe.com/sec/marketingeducation/career_city/interview/common_interview.php How to Tie a Tie Activity http://www.tieanecktie.com/WindsorKnot.php Interview Questions http://www.resumagic.com/interviews_questionstoask.html Job Search http://www.career.vt.edu/JOBSEARC/SixTopTips.htm

Macbeth: Predestination or Free Will? Essay -- Literary Analysis

When reading William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, it seems that Macbeth was predestined to do the terrible deeds that he did. However, there is also a valid argument that Macbeth exercised his free will and chose to do those things on his own. This discussion leads into many different topics, but it relates most to spirituality. The concept of free will and how it relates to Macbeth and our present lives yields a relevant and interesting topic for further discussion. The first argument for Macbeth being predestined arises in the first Act when the witches called themselves the â€Å"weird† sisters: â€Å"The weird sisters hand in hand† (I.iii. line 32). At the time of Macbeth’s writing, weird did not mean strange or unusual as it does today. Weird was derived from the Old English word wyrd, meaning fate.1 Essentially, the witches were calling themselves the â€Å"fate† sisters. As defined by Merriam-Webster, fate is â€Å"an inevitable and often adverse outcome, condition, or end.† 2 Based on this definition, the women of fate appear to have either been controlling the way history played out, or they had the ability to see what was going to happen. Either way, Macbeth had no control over his life so he was basically a pawn on a bloody chess board moving about under the control of â€Å"fate.† As Macbeth progressed further into his downfall and more of the witches’ prophecies came true, Macbeth started to believe that their statements could not be false. â€Å"The spirits that know/ All mortal consequences...† (V.iii. lines 4-5). This fact is reiterated when Macbeth drew all of his confidence from those prophecies near the end of the play: â€Å"But swords I smile at, weapons laugh to scorn,/ Brandished by man that’s of a woman born.† (V.vii. lines 12-13). (In ... ...s in the context of Macbeth, but once these beliefs are placed into the realm of the real world, there is a lot more room for argument. Things in real life are less certain and there are many variables that can affect a person’s opinion on this matter. Ultimately, it comes down to a personal decision that everyone exercises their freedom of choice on to establish what they believe. Works Cited 1. Online Etymology Dictionary. Web. 24 Nov. 2010. . 2. "Fate - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary." Merriam-Webster Online. Web. 24 Nov. 2010. . 3. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Elements of Literature [Gr. 12]. Literature of Britain with World Classics. Austin [Tex.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2000. 301-82. Print.

New Privacy Issues Related to Cyberspace Objective Essay

Select three organizations within the same industry for analysis — 1. Students should pick one industry from the displayed list below, and within that single industry, name 3 organizations for analysis. (BANKS-JP Morgan Chase, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo) 2. Describe the mission of each (from their website), and examine and compare details of each stated privacy policy, then 3. For each organization, recommend policy changes that will enable each organization to (a) use sensitive customer information to increase business advantage and profitability, and (b) also protect customer personal information to avoid possible privacy or liability issues. You may need to use trade journals and newspaper stories in your reference list. However, try to avoid opinion pieces (like blogs) that may not be factual. You may state your own opinions, but these must be strengthened by scholarly references. Table of Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Industries missions and privacy policies a. JP Morgan Chase b. Citigroup c. Wells Fargo 3. Recommended policy changes to increase business advantage and profitability a. Also include the good aspects of current policy that increases business advantages and profitability 4. Recommended policy changes to protect customer personal information to avoid possible privacy or liability issues a. Also include the good aspects of the policy that protect the customers information 5. Conclusion: JP Morgan Chase Mission Statement: JPMorgan Chase & Co. is a leading global financial services firm and one of  the largest banking institution in the United States, with operations worldwide. JPMorgan Chase conducts operations in more than 60 countries and has assets amounting to over $2trillion and its corporate headquarters are located in New York City. Their mission statement is as follows: At JPMorgan Chase, we believe that being profitable and doing good works for the people and the world around us aren’t exclusive of each other; they’re integrated goals. When our business is strong and well governed, we’re in a better position to translate positive financial results into sustainable community and environmental efforts that benefit everyone.

Overview of SQUARE pharmaceuticals LTD Essay

Introduction: Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (SPL) has been the trendsetter in Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Market since its inception in 1958. Over the last decade SPL actually rose to a new standard moving beyond manufacturing quality medicines to win mindshare of patients, physicians, shareholders, business partners, and communities where we work and live. Our dedication to add more value to the common wealth of the society compounded by innovative strategies for growth and diversification, pioneering role in bringing new technology and implementing new ideas, and commitment for total quality management distills the glory of our success. Today SPL is not merely a market leader. Most of the products that it actively markets enjoy leadership position demonstrating incomparable trust of the healthcare professionals. Today SPL is ready to face the challenge of scarce sourcing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in the post-WTO era, with its advanced a manufacturing capability. SPL is one of the first companies to have an extensively computerized and automate working environment connecting every corner of the country to the centre. Productivity through connectivity is one of our heritages of progress. SPL is the first company to go beyond the national boundary, exporting its quality products in overseas markets in Asia Africa, and Europe. More than that, SPL has probably fulfilled a national aspiration of turning a once import dependent country into an exporter of quality medicines. We believe, with our technological and managerial know-how and ability to take on challenges, we will be able to progress much faster towards our objective of becoming the nation’s most Visionary Company Objectives: Our main objective is to prepare this project to know about the organization. We try to focus on the project SWOT analysis, potter five forces, organization design in Square Pharmaceutical Ltd. Scope: Our assignment is only document basis so we have not opportunity to take interview, survey and make observation. As it is a report about an  organization so we have opportunity to collect data by reading documents from their web sites. Methodology: To complete our project and reach in a decision we some methods. To collect information we search internet, read newspaper, and utilize our personal observation. ABOUT COMPANY: Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a leading edge pharmaceutical company based in Dhaka, Bangladesh and is acclaimed for its outstanding product quality, world-class manufacturing facilities, product development capabilities and outstanding professional services. SQUARE today symbolizes a name – a state of mind. But its journey to the growth and prosperity has been no bed of roses. From the inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. Historical Background of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991. 1958: Debut of SQUARE Parma as a Partnership Firm. 1964: Converted into a Private Limited Company. 1985: Achieved market-leadership in the pharmaceutical market of Bangladesh among all national and multinational companies. 1987: Pioneer in pharmaceutical export from Bangladesh. 1991: Converted into a Public Limited Company 1997: Won the National Export trophy for exporting pharmaceuticals. 1998: Agro-chemicals & Veterinary Products division of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals starts its operation. 2001: US FDA/UK MCA standard new pharmaceutical factory goes into operation built under the supervision of Bevis Lend Lease, UK. 2005: New State-of-the-Art SQUARE Cephalosporin’s Ltd. goes into operation; built under the supervision of TELSTAR S.A. of Spain as per US FDA/ UK MHRA requirements. 2007: SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka Unit gets the UK MHRA approval. 2012: SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka Unit and SQUARE Cephalosporin’s Ltd. get the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) of Australia approval. Mission: Our Mission is to produce and provide quality & innovative healthcare relief for people, maintain stringently ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the Shareholders, stakeholders and the society at large. Visions: We view business as a means to the material and social wellbeing of the investors, employees and the society at large, leading to accretion of wealth through financial and moral gains as a part of the process of the human civilization. Objective: Our objectives are to conduct transparent business operation based on market mechanism within the legal & social framework with aims to attain the mission reflected by our vision. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. SQUARE’s activity goes well beyond the sphere of business. As socially conscious and responsible corporate body SQUARE is committed to the improvement of the society as a whole. SQUARE helps many NGO’s in their effort to make available healthcare to the disadvantage population of the country. SQUARE is also a major sponsor of sporting events in the country. Organization Design: The Board of Directors is responsible for the strategic planning and overall policy guidelines of the bank. Besides, there is an audit committee in the Board to oversee compliance of major regulatory and operational issues. The CEO& MD, Deputy MD and group executives are responsible for  achieving business goals and overseeing the day to day operations. The CEO and MD assisted by a senior management group supervise operation of various decisions centrally and coordinate operation of branches. There is also a management committee comprising member of the senior executive headed by CEO and MD to look into all operational function and risk management of the bank. The workflow of the organizational structure is given in the figure below: 1. Work specialization 2. Departmentalization 3. Span of control 4. Chain of command 5. Centralization & Decentralization 6. Formalization Work specialization: Work specialization, which is dividing work activities into separate job task. Individual employees specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entire activity in order to increase work output. It’s also known as division of labor. There are some work specialists in SPL. Research and Development Information Technology Human Resource Supply Chain Marketing Customer Development Business to Business Finance Department Departmentalization: Grouping jobs together is called departmentalization. Departmentalization and Division of labor is the same thing. Each and every organization follows some common forms of departmentalization. The five common forms of departmentalization are: Functional Departmentalization Geographical Departmentalization Product Departmentalization Process Departmentalization Customer Departmentalization Functional departmentalization: Groups jobs according to function. For instance it has the departments for marketing, accounting and finance, human resource and management information system separately. All the departments together form functional departmentalization under managing director Geographical Departmentalization: Groups Jobs according to Geographic region. Square distributes its products all over the country using its own distribution channel. It has a large number of vehicles and sales depots to ensure coverage of the whole country. Its coverage is the best in the country. Product Departmentalization: Groups jobs by product line. Process Departmentalization: In every distribution channel certain type of process is obtained to maintain the customer flow.. To show the way of working of Square Pharma Ltd. under process departmentalization, a diagram is presented below. Customer departmentalization: Groups on the basis of specific and unique customers. SPL has several product lines; the tasks are definitely different to serve the customer of individual product line. Customers’ needs and problems differ from one product line to another. Research and Development: This department brings ideas to improve and introduce their brands as well. Information Technology: The managers of this department find the new technologies available and use. This technology to drive competitive advantage. Human Resource Department: Managers of this dept use to drive the employees in a disciplined manner to achieve organizational goal. Here they also motivate the employees to the fullest possible extent. Customer Development: Building relationship with customer and maintain the relation is important job for any organization that and is done by the managers of this departments. This department also tries to find needs and wants of the customers. Supply Chain Department: After production how products should be distributed to the supplier- wholesalers, retailer or what would be the chain of supply of the products from production till sales to the final consumer is totally operated by this department. Marketing Department: Managers of Marketing department tries to create values of their brands to the customer by taking various steps like- promotion, advertisement, free distribution and so on. Finance Department: The vital role is played by finance department these departments develop plans for their financial activities and also prepare the budget for the coming fiscal year. Span of Control: How a manager can efficiently and effectively manage his subordinates is called span of control. In case of SPL, they strong span of control as a result they gain market leadership as well as their progress increasing. Formalization: SPL is a highly formalized organization; there are explicit job descriptions, numerous organizational rules, and clearly defined procedures covering work process. All employees have to follow guided rules and procedures in SPL. SWOT Analysis of the SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. The overall evaluation of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats is called SWOT analysis. In general, a business unit has to monitor key macro environment forces (demographic- economic, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural) and significant microenvironment actors (customers, competitors, distributors, suppliers) that affect its  ability to earn profits. The business unit should set up a marketing intelligence system to track tends and important developments. For each trend or development, management needs to identify the associated opportunities and threats . Strengths: Recognizes as a global company. Brand value Strong brand portfolio. Strong relationship with retailers. Economies of scale. Largest organizations Advanced technology Well skilled professionals Good distribution network all over world Square Pharmaceuticals provided creative strategies Strong marketing and good image creation Wide distribution channels in both national and internal markets Decentralized decision-making. Weaknesses: Dual leadership Not connecting with customers. Inefficient management of brands. Focus on short term strategy High cost of restructuring Hard to manage and control company structure High cost limit promotions in company Opportunities: Changing consumer’s preference Increasing need for several diseases Rural areas are a large prospective market Employing external job applicants Gain high market share Introducing new distribution channel Promote its products in new geographic areas Customer base is increasing with effective marketing Take advantage of the changes of technology Population expanding at a rapid rate Low income consumers Threats: The threats of the pharmaceutical industry are the analysis of the external industry components that could create an opportunity for the SPL to decline, atrophy or lose some competitive edge. For example, the pharmaceutical industry’s threats could include increased government regulation, a declining economy, increasing research and development (R&D) costs or a decrease in the global population. The threats of SPL are discussed below. Product innovation is ineffective The high competition for market share increases rapidly Changes of people’s perception Political and Economic factors Increasing social awareness in society Unfavorable conditions Acquisition decision Lack of proper knowledge in medicine Industry Analysis: Is a vital part of the decision making process in business? Industry Analysis helps investor to take decision. Industry Analysis also helps entrepreneurs to iron out the wrinkles in their business plans. Michael Porter has identified five forces that are widely used to assets the structure of any industry. Porter’s five forces are: Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of Suppliers Current rivalry Threat of new entrants: Pharma industry is one of the most easily accessible industries for an entrepreneur in Bangladesh. The capital requirement for the industry is very low; creating a regional distribution network is easy, since the point of sales is restricted in this industry in Bangladesh. Economies of scale: Square pharma can easily produce based on economies of scale but it is quite difficult to new entrants for produce based on economies of scale First mover advantage:  It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991.First mover advantage is part of the standard lore of the I-Cubed Economy. It means that the first company into a market generally wins. Access to channels of distribution and relationship: The Square pharma is a large pharmaceutical company in our country so they have large distribution channel and good relationship with the retailers. Distribution Channel at a Glance: Threat of substitute Products: This is one of the great advantages of the pharma industry. Whatever happens, demand for pharma products continues and the industry thrives. One of the key reasons for high competitiveness in the industry is that as an ongoing concern, pharma industry seems to have an infinite future. However, in recent times, the advances made in the field of biotechnology, can prove to be a threat to the synthetic pharma industry. Bargaining power of buyers: The unique feature of pharma industry is that the end user of the product is different from the influencer. The consumer has no choice but to buy what doctor says. However, when we look at the buyer’s power, we look at the influence they have on the prices of the product. In pharma industry, the buyers are scattered and they as such does not wield much power in the pricing of the products. However, government with its policies plays an important role in regulating pricing through the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority. Price Sensitivity: Square pharma is produced the pharmaceutical products which are undifferentiated product and there are few switching cost. Relative Bargaining Power: Two factors related to the relative bargaining power †¢Number of buyer: The buyers bargaining power is determined by the number of buyer relative to the number of suppliers. †¢Volume per buyer: It is determined by volume of purchase by single buyer. The number of buyer of Square pharma is a single buyer with several alternative suppliers. Bargaining power of Suppliers: The pharma industry depends upon several organic chemicals. The chemical industry is again very competitive and fragmented. The chemicals used in the pharma industry are largely a commodity. The suppliers have very low bargaining power and the companies in the pharma in dusty can switch from their suppliers without incurring a very high cost. However, what can happen is that the supplier can go for forward integration to become a pharma company. Companies like Orchid Chemicals and Sasha Chemicals were basically chemical companies, who turned themselves into pharmaceutical companies. In case of Square pharma there is low bargaining powers of supplier Current revelry: Concentration and Balance Competitors: The number of firms in an industry and their relative sizes determine the degree of concentration. Lots of similar size and strong competitor exist in the market and price competition is likely to be harsh. So square pharma product price is competitive. Degree of differentiation and switching cost: Product differentiation is not the driver, cost competitiveness is. However, companies like Square pharma have created big brands in over the years, which act as product differentiation tools. Excess Capacity and Exit barrier: It is quit impractical for square pharma or other firms to exit from this  industry because of they cannot use those machineries in other purpose. Also here some rules and regulation exist no one cannot easily exist from this industry. Recommendation: Quality and control: According to international standard square pharmaceuticals ltd. Should maintain their product quality Local market share: At present in Bangladesh square pharmaceuticals is the market leader in pharmaceutical sector. Its followers and competitors always try to increase their percentage of market share. So square pharma concentrate more to increase his market share Dynamic sales strategies: Due to the customer complaint and the lack of guidelines to prevent untrained sales staff from serving customers, we recommended that square pharma should take dynamic sales strategies for higher customer satisfaction. Foreign market: Though SPL captured Asia, Africa, Middle East pharmaceutical market but the Europe market till now un-captured. So square pharma should concentrate more in Europe market. Conclusion: In finally, I can say that Square Pharmaceuticals Limited play an important for economic development of the country after creating job opportunities, and earning profits as well. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Pharmaceuticals http://www.squarepharma.com.bd/index.php http://www.scribd.com http://www.managementstudyguide.com/swot-analysis.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_five_forces_analysis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departmentalization Books: Management-10th-Edition-Stephen P.Robbins & Mary Coulter

Modern Christian Movement

Christian Fundamentalism is both a movement and a code of rules, referring to the adherence to the religion and Biblical teachings (http://www.sullivan-county.com/news/index.htm, 2003). Nowadays, the term is often corrupted to describe extremists and terrorists, who attack multiculturalism, democracy and the basic concepts of family planning. The present paper is designed to discuss the movement and the underlying doctrine in details and compare it to the similar Islamic and Judaist religious movements and trends. The Modern Christian Movement emerged in the beginning of the 20th century in response to modernism, industrialization and the following reformations of social life towards democracy (Appleby et al, 2003). â€Å"The five â€Å"fundamentals† of Christian belief that were enumerated in a series of 12 paperback volumes containing scholarly essays on the Bible that appeared between 1910 and 1915. Those included: 1) Biblical inerrancy; 2) The divinity of Jesus; 3)The Virgin Birth; 4) The belief that Jesus died to redeem humankind; 5)An expectation of the Second Coming, or physical return, of Jesus Christ† (www.sullivan-county.com, 2003). Furthermore, the tracts contained the criticism of technological progress and modern theology and insisted upon the return to the initials, i.e. to the first century, when original Christianity was spreading.   The whole Bible was declared inerrant, in contrast to the other Christian movements, which refuted certain parts of the Gospel. Furthermore, fundamentalists had true hostility to those who didn’t share their beliefs up to the last point, as they alleged there was nothing redundant or useless in the Bible (Appleby et al, 2003), as the scriptures should have been viewed as instructions rather than edifying stories and narratives. The followers of the movement also believed in the sixth-day Creationism and therefore rejected the whole evolutionary science. More importantly, they asserted   that Bible should not have been interpreted, as it had to be understood literally, without searching any mystic contexts, as the scriptures were written specifically for ordinary people’s understanding (Appleby et al, 2003; Armstrong, 2001). Furthermore, fundamentalists prioritized faith over virtuous lifestyle, whereas the latter was nevertheless to correspond with the exact fundamentalist teachings. It also needs to be noted that fundamentalists viewed human being as basically sinful and violent: â€Å"Because Calvin, Luther, and Augustine all see humans as â€Å"depraved† and â€Å"born into sin† produced a very negative outlook on humanity. Also their idea of the â€Å"elect† creates an attitude that they are somehow â€Å"chosen† above all others. This puts them at odds with â€Å"mainline† or liberal Protestant churches that reject the Augustinian notions of human depravity† (www.sullivan-county.com, 2003). The history of the movement itself is also interesting and controversial. In the early 20th century, the disciples of the fundamentals began to establish churches and denominations in the United States and United Kingdom (Appleby et al, 2003). In 1910, the northern Presbyterian Church proclaimed the five aforementioned principal pillars. In 1919, the World’s Christian Association was found, and W.Riley agreed to head it. In 1920, the term â€Å"fundamentalist† was first used by Curtis Lee Laws, but the contemporary fundamentalists perceived the term ambivalently, as it sounded like a conceptually new religious movement (http://mb-soft.com/believe/text/fundamen.htm, 1997). Due to the penetration of liberalism into a number of American churches, fundamentalists began to criticize widely the transformation and peculiar ‘democratization’ of Baptist and Protestant churches. Furthermore, they rejected and even attempted to curb the contemporary efforts to re-interpret and reformulate the biblical teachings, and were themselves most consistent with the content of the King James Bible, published in 1611(Armstrong, 2001; Appleby et al, 2003). â€Å"Church struggles occurred in the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Protestant Episcopal Church, and even in the southern Presbyterian Church, but the grand battles were fought in the northern Presbyterian and northern Baptist denominations. Machen was the undisputed leader among Presbyterians, joined by Clarence E.Macartney† (mb-soft.com, 1997). Consequently, a number of organizations were created on the basis of the reformed Baptist and Presbyterian churches, which began to utilize the five fundamentals: the Fundamentalist Fellowship (1921), the National Federation of the Fundamentalists of the Northern Baptists (1921) and the Baptist Bible Union (1923). The unions developed their own policies in such issues as ordination of clergy ad education, and a number of particularly enthusiastic preachers denied the importance of literacy and declared Bible as their only ‘reader’ in the course of training (Armstrong, 2001; mb-soft.com, 1997). Approximately at the same time the fundamentalists began to interfere with the policies of public schools, specifically, with their curricula which included Darwinian evolution as a mandatory subject (Appleby et al, 2003). Since the 1940s, the fundamentalists split into two groups, the first one accepted the term â€Å"fundamentalism† and began to run to some extent separatist policies, whereas the second camp regarded the term as humiliating and positioning the followers of the movement as narrow-minded fanatics. The latter group, as one can understand, wished to expand the influence over Protestant churches and therefore declared their teaching as â€Å"evangelical†. This group soon ‘softened’ their hard-line Christian belief and gradually accepted the contemporary liberal ideas, expressed by a number of Protestant Church executives. Towards the late 1970s, there was a peak of the fundamentalists’ popularity, as   during Ronald Reagan campaign (Appleby et al , 2003), they were able to find answers to the most troublemaking issues like economic and social crises (in fact associated with the Vietnam War, but the adepts of the movement manipulated with the fall of the population’s moral and optimism and stated the contemporary mentality was erroneous). â€Å"They identified a new and more pervasive enemy, secular humanism, which they believed was responsible for eroding churches, schools, universities, the government, and above all families. They fought all enemies which they considered to be offspring of secular humanism, evolutionism, political and theological liberalism, loose personal morality, socialism and communism† (mb-soft.com, 1997). Thus, they employed the most powerful PR tools to influence public consciousness and arranged a number of protest actions, including the picketing family planning centers, certain education institutions and scientific laboratories in attempt to undermine the reputation of the mentioned organizations (Armstrong, 2001). Such religious activists as Jerry Falwell, pat Robertson and Hal Lindsey appeared on TV-screens as often as very popular politicians or the president and continued to encourage citizens to refuse from technological advancements, democratic ideology; the most radical fundamentalists even tried to curb immigration and force foreigners of different faith to leave the United States. The Fundamentalist Movement of the 1990s and the new millennium is still strong, but the organization has become much more ‘secluded’. Nowadays, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences has launched a new project that encourages scholars in the United States and around the world to study fundamentalism (http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/fund.html, 1998). They also theorized the religious doctrine and outlined the its basic characteristics, which include the manifestation of religious truth which must not be secreted, religious idealism as the major aspect of fundamentalist identity and demonization of any movements which diverge from the doctrine. Furthermore, â€Å"fundamentalists envision themselves as part of a cosmic struggle; they seize on historical moments and reinterpret them in the light of this cosmic struggle; they envy modernist cultural hegemony and try to overturn the distribution of power† (religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu, 1998). Appleby also discusses the major characteristics of the organized movement and stated and its primary course is the increase of the popularity of Christian religion. Furthermore, the members of the movement are selective and reject specific aspects of technological progress rather then modernity in general; the organization itself has â€Å"an elect or chosen membership; sharp group boundaries; charismatic authoritarian leaders and mandated behavioral requirement† (ibid, 1998). As one can understand, Christian fundamentalism has a lot in common with Islam and Judaism, especially in terms of the structure of the movement. For instance, both Orthodox Judaist and Islamic fundamentalist movements have the same organizational characteristics and regard themselves as the participants of a cosmic struggle. This trend, however, is not very notable in Judaism, whereas the most hard-line Muslim leaders (of radical organizations like al-Qaeda) wage true war against otherwise-minded, and, similarly to Christian fundamentalists, demonize anyone who dares challenge the teachings from the Holy Scriptures perceived as central. Judaism has always been less radical and its fundamentals are more related to the controversy over the origin of the Torah, which, as most Orthodox Judaists hold, derives actually from God rather than from humankind (Armstrong, 2001). Judaist Fundamentalism also includes â€Å"Laws of Rabbinic decree to better enforce Torah law (e.g. the prohibition of eating/cooking mixtures of milk and poultry); these laws are held to be created by the rabbis and are divinely inspired† (Armstrong, 2001, p. 385) and observes Rabbeinu Gershom’s prescriptions concerning the ban on reading letters, addressed to another person, the possibility of divorcing a female without her compliance and the regulation of eating habits. Islamic Fundamentalism refers to Sunni Islam, which recognized the Koran, Haddith and Sunnah and accordingly rejects the Shi’a laws. Similarly to the Christian Fundamentalism, the corresponding Islamic teaching includes the notion that â€Å"the problems of the world stem from secular influences. Further, the path to peace and justice lies in a return to the original message of Islam, combined with a scrupulous rejection of innovations† (Armstrong, 2001, p. 396). Technological progress is also partially rejected in the Judaist Fundamentalism – for instance, the Torah teaches that human face should not touch blade, that’s why Orthodox Jews avoid using razors and wear long beards. On the other hand, the Christian Fundamentalism has one unique feature, Messianism, which is not emphasized in the other two doctrines, as most Judaists do not view Christ as an influential religious person, whereas the concept of God’s son is absent is Islam. As one can understand, fundamentalism is to great extent synonymous to conservatism. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that the contemporary fundamentalist movement are based not purely upon the religious doctrines, but also on the aspects of PR, promotion and, if necessary, violence and compulsion. Furthermore, all of them enclose considerable restrictions upon human daily activities, – in Islam, for instance, practically all daily routines have certain algorithms; moreover, all of them challenge humanism and the principles of individual freedom, imposing personal responsibility and accountability to society or community (especially in Judaism) instead. Reference list Sullivan Country Resources. (2003). Christian Fundamentalism exposed. Available online at: http://www.sullivan-county.com/news/index.htm Religious Movements Homepage. (1998). Fundamentalism. Available online at: http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/fund.html Believe Web-Resources. (1997). (Christian) Fundamentalism. Available online at: http://mb-soft.com/believe/text/fundamen.htm Appleby, R., Almond, G. and Sivan, E. (2003). Strong Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Armstrong, K. (2001). The Battle of God: A History of Fundamentalism. New York: Ballantine Books.