Expressing Quantity in English for Large Amounts

Communicating Quantity in English for Large Amounts There are numerous articulations used to communicate enormous sums in English. When all is said in done, much and many are the standard quantifiers used to communicate enormous amounts. The Basics Much is utilized with uncountable things: There is a lot of enthusiasm for learning English around the world.How much cash do you have?There isnt much margarine left in the fridge. Many is utilized with countable things: There are numerous individuals who utilize the PC each day.How numerous understudies live near the school?There arent numerous books on that rack. The accompanying articulations are frequently utilized instead of a lot and many, particularly in positive sentences. a ton oflots ofplenty ofa extraordinary arrangement ofa huge number ofthe dominant part of These articulations can are joined with of in the feeling of generally, numerous or much. Many individuals appreciate tuning in to jazz.A extraordinary arrangement of time is spent understanding these issues. Note that much, most and numerous doesn't take of. A great many people appreciate tuning in to some sort of music. (NOT: Most of people...)Much time is spent getting math. (NOT: Much of time is spent ...) Formal/Informal A great deal of/loads of/a lot of are commonly utilized in casual circumstances: There will be a great deal of food at the party.Theres a lot of time to complete your schoolwork. A lot of/a lot of/countless/a greater part of are utilized in increasingly formal circumstances, for example, composed business English and introductions. There is a lot of strain to complete this venture on time.There are countless people who want to do banking on the web. Countable/Uncountable A great deal of/bunches of/a lot of are utilized with both countable and uncountable things. Theres a great deal of juice in this jug.There are a lot of chances to learn online.There are bunches of individuals who like chess. A lot of/a lot of are utilized with uncountable things, for example, water, cash, time, and so forth. Theres a lot of work to be done on this project.There isnt a lot of time to complete this report. An enormous number of/a most of are utilized with countable things, for example, individuals, understudies, financial specialists, and so forth. Most of financial specialists are keen on generally safe opportunities.A enormous number of our understudies proceed with their examinations at college.

Atom and Energy-level Diagram free essay sample

1. The improvement of MRI imaging innovation is one helpful side project of fundamental examination into structure of the molecule. Research, in any case, is costly. Numerous individuals contend that significant expense of research exceeds its latent capacity benefits. Give one contention to and one contention against expanding ebb and flow financing for nuclear structure look into. Utilize explicit models from this exercise in your response to help each position. (6 imprints) Answer: 2. The discharge range of an obscure component contains two lines-one in the noticeable part of range and the other, bright. In light of Figure 1. 1 and on what you have found out about Niels Bohr’s model of particle, represent the distinction in vitality between these lines. (3 imprints) Answer: The line which is on the noticeable part of range is created when electron is hopping from higher to bring down vitality level circle hence discharging vitality and electromagnetic waves including longer frequencies, which imply that these lines are lower in vitality contrasted with line which is radiating on bright bit of range. We will compose a custom paper test on Molecule and Energy-level Diagram or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The line which is on bright district of range shows that electron is hopping from most elevated (higher than past one) vitality level circle to least vitality level circle subsequently discharging more vitality and rushes of shorter frequencies. 3. a. Draw the vitality level graph and compose the electronic design for zirconium (component 40). (3 imprints) Energy-level outline for zirconium is drawn underneath: 4d 5s 4p 3d 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s Electronic setup for zirconium is given beneath: s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2 b. Utilize the outline to clarify why the Zr4+ particle exists. (2 imprints) When the external orbitals are loaded up with relevant number of electrons the component tends to turns out to be synthetically steady under ordinary conditions. Zirconium nuclear structure contains 40 electrons. The closest respectable gas component to zirconium is Krypton, which contains 36 electrons. In this manner, Zirconium will lose 4 electrons, 2 electrons from 5s orbital and 2 electrons from 4d orbital. The vitality level graph for Zr4+ will look like after: 4p 3d 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s This vitality level outline is additionally like Krypton vitality level chart. c. Think about the security of the Zr iota and the Zr particle. Record for any distinction in their steadiness. (2 imprints) Zr iota is unbiased I. e. , have 40 electrons and 40 protons. Anyway Zr 4+ particle is charged particle and artificially steady. The external sub-levels is loaded up with material number of electrons making it hard to respond

How a Therapeutic Treatment Plan Can Help You

How a Therapeutic Treatment Plan Can Help You Phobias Treatment Print Understanding Treatment Plans in Mental Health Therapy By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on February 21, 2020 Tetra Images / Getty Images More in Phobias Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types In mental health, a treatment plan refers to a written document that outlines the proposed goals, plan, and methods of therapy. It will be used by you and your therapist to direct the steps to take in treating whatever youre working on.   Factors Influencing a Treatment Plan A treatment plan may be highly formalized or it may consist of a less structured outline for a treatment plan. Which form it takes is dependent on a number of factors. For instance, your insurance  company may require documentation of your diagnosis and treatment in order to cover the costs. Likewise, the facility where you get treatment may have its own standards for a formal plan. Many therapists also have their own preferences. Some may  have found that  informal  treatment plans are more effective while others prefer  to work with  patients in a more orderly fashion. They will also take into account the severity of the presenting problem for each  individual. Someone  dealing with  minor depression may have a simpler  treatment plan than  a person who has  struggled with it for years with little or no progress. No matter how formalized, however, the treatment plan is always subject to change as therapy progresses. Therapy often focuses on breaking down each issue into small, manageable action steps to work out the concerns of the bigger picture. Its only natural that as you progress, so will your treatment and if something isnt working, a different approach may be required. Parts of a Treatment Plan In general, a treatment plan consists of four parts. These guide both you and your therapist along the path to discovering what is causing your concerns, your goals for therapy, as well as the techniques youre going to try. Presenting problem: A brief description of the main issue or issues.Goals of therapy: An annotated list of both the short-term and long-term goals of therapy.Methods: A short, annotated list of the techniques that will be used to achieve the goals.Time estimate: A brief estimate of the length of time and/or the number of sessions needed. For example, a treatment plan for anger management  may list a series of goals for therapy, along with an estimated number of sessions that would be needed. Your Involvement in the Treatment Plan As a client, you should always be involved in developing a treatment plan. Yet, its important to realize that this is generally accomplished through informal discussion of the situation. As you speak with your therapist, particularly in the initial sessions, they will get to know you and understand your concerns. These conversations allow them to recommend the next steps and develop goals you might want to work on. While they may not say theyre developing a plan, they really are because that is the foundation for effective therapy. Many therapists present a written copy of the treatment plan to their clients. Others may prefer to discuss the treatment plan verbally and less formally. A copy of the plan, however, should always be available upon request. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Sea Dragon Facts Diet, Habitat, Reproduction

The sea dragon, or seadragon, is a small fish found in shallow coastal waters of Tasmania and southern and western Australia. The animals resemble seahorses in terms of size and body shape, but feature small, leaf-like fins that camouflage them from predators. While seahorses can grip objects with their tails, sea dragon tails are not prehensile. Sea dragons awkwardly propel themselves with their transparent dorsal and pectoral fins, but mainly drift with current. Fast Facts: Sea Dragon Common Name: Sea dragon, seadragon (common/weedy, leafy, ruby)Scientific Names: Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, Phycodurus eques, Phyllopteryx dewyseaOther Names: Glauerts seadragon, Lucass seadragonDistinguishing Features: Small fish that resembles a sea horse with small leaf-like finsAverage Size: 20 to 24 cm (10 to 12 in)Diet: CarnivoreLifespan: 2 to 10 yearsHabitat: Southern and western coastal regions of AustraliaConservation Status: Least ConcernKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: SyngnathiformesFamily: SyngnathidaeFun Fact: The leafy sea dragon is the marine emblem of South Australia, while the common sea dragon is the marine emblem of Victoria. Types of Sea Dragons There are two phyla and three species of sea dragons. Phylum Phyllopteryx Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (common sea dragon or weedy sea dragon): The common or weedy sea dragon occurs off the coast of Tasmania and in Australian waters ranging from the Eastern Indian Ocean to the South Western Pacific Ocean. These sea dragons have small leaf-like appendages on their fins and a few protective spines. The animals are reddish, with purple and red markings. Males are darker and narrower than females. Common sea dragons reach a length of 45 cm (18 in). They are found in reefs, seaweed, and seagrass.Phyllopteryx dewysea (ruby sea dragon): The ruby sea dragon was discovered in 2015. This species inhabits the coast of Western Australia. The ruby sea dragon resembles the common sea dragon in most respects, but it is red-colored. Scientists believe the coloration may help the animal camouflage itself in the deeper waters it inhabits, in which red hues are more readily absorbed. The common or weedy sea dragon features spines and fewer leafy appendages than the leafy sea dragon. Pere Soler, Getty Images Phylum Phycodurus Phycodurus eques (leafy sea dragon or Glauerts sea dragon): The leafy sea dragon has numerous leaf-like protrusions that camouflage it from predators. This species lives along the southern and western coasts of Australia. Leafy sea dragons change color to blend in with their environment. They grow to a length of 20 to 24 cm (8.0 to 9.5 in). Leafy protrusions and the ability to change color make the leafy sea dragon nearly invisible against its surroundings. Shin Okamoto, Getty Images Diet Sea dragon mouths lack teeth, yet these animals are carnivores. They use their snouts to suck up larval fish and small crustaceans, such as plankton, mysid shrimp, and amphipods. Presumably, numerous species would eat sea dragons, but their camouflage is sufficient to protect them from most attacks. Reproduction Except for mating, sea dragons are solitary animals. They reach sexual maturity by one to two years of age, at which time the males court females. A female produces up to 250 pink eggs. They are fertilized when she deposits them onto the males tail. The eggs attach to a region called the brood patch, which supplies eggs with oxygen until they hatch. As with seahorses, the male cares for the eggs until they hatch, which takes about 9 weeks. The male shakes and pumps his tail to aid hatching. Sea dragons become completely independent as soon as they hatch. Weedy sea dragon with eggs. Brandi Mueller/Stocktrek Images, Getty Images Conservation Status Both weedy and leafy sea dragons are listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. There is insufficient data to evaluate the conservation status of the ruby sea dragon. Some sea dragons get washed up by storms. While fishing bycatch and aquarium collection do affect the species, these effects are not believed to greatly impact the species. The most significant threats are from pollution, habitat degradation, and habitat loss. Captivity and Breeding Efforts Like seahorses, sea dragons are difficult to keep in captivity. While its not illegal to own one, Australia prohibits their capture, only granting permits for research and conservation efforts. You can view these fascinating animals at most large aquariums and zoos. Researchers have successfully bred the common or weedy sea dragon. While Ocean Rider in Kona, Hawaii has gotten leafy sea dragons to mate and produce eggs, no leafy sea dragons have been born in captivity yet. Sources Branshaw-Carlson, Paula (2012). Seadragon husbandry in the new millennium: Lessons learned from the past will create a sustainable future (PDF). 2012 International Aquarium Congress 9–14 September 2012. Cape Town: 2012 International Aquarium Congress.Connolly, R. M. (September 2002). Patterns of movement and habitat use by leafy seadragons tracked ultrasonically. Journal of Fish Biology. 61 (3): 684–695. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00904.xMartin-Smith, K. Vincent, A. (2006): Exploitation and trade of Australian seahorses, pipehorses, sea dragons and pipefishes (Family Syngnathidae). Oryx, 40: 141-151.Morrison, S. Storrie, A. (1999). Wonders of Western Waters: The Marine Life of South-Western Australia. CALM. p. 68. ISBN 0-7309-6894-4.Stiller, Josefin; Wilson, Nerida G.; Rouse, Greg W. (February 18, 2015). A spectacular new species of seadragon (Syngnathidae). Royal Society Open Science. The Royal Society. 2 (2): 140458. doi:10.1098/rsos.140458

The Effects Of Melting Glaciers On Canada s Coastline Essay

1.0 INTRODUCTION This problem could mark either the end of human civilizations or mark the beginning of the next era of human development. It would decide on our species survival, whether there will be another mass extinction like the one 65 million years ago. The question is â€Å"How might the breaking up and melting of continental ice in Greenland and the Antarctic affect Canada’s coastline?†. In the following sections, we have gathered an abundance of information from a variety of sources from which we will discuss, and analyze. We will find out how this data can help us understand the effect of melting glaciers on Canada’s coastline, as well as how and what we could do to stop or slow it down. 2.0 ISSUE OVERVIEW The breaking of continental ice from Greenland and the Antarctic has been slowly breaking off and melting for a long time. The continental ice which has broken off melts faster and faster as it drifts towards the equator, eventually deposing all the fresh water ice into the ocean. This process, which would slowly drown the coastlines of the entire world, including Canada, is very dangerous for the survival of human civilizations. Due to Canada’s larger and more exposed urban coastal regions, it will suffer a harder blow than most other countries. Islands like Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia will be hit particularly hard, losing a lot of its farmland and coastal towns due to the melting and breaking off of continental ice. The continental iceShow MoreRelatedMarine and Lacustrine Soil Types2114 Words   |  9 Pages2005). Marine deposition also occurs due to aeolian transportation through wind relocation of fine grained sediments. Though more commonly encountered are Glacial-Marine clays, formed from glacial runoff which settle in marine estuaries along the coastline in calm depositional environments. These conditions result in a non-stratified soil formation packed with fine grained Figure 1 : Glacial runoff transporting fine sediments (Mattingly 2008 ) sediments (SoilWebUBC and Grand 2011 ). Marine and LacustrineRead Moreeosc 114 full notes6069 Words   |  25 PagesDuctile = very plastic, Brittle = not very plastic, fractures instead of bending. Explain how gravity affects motion and energy, list the 5 types of energy, and describe what causes them to vary. Force (F) A push/pull Unit: Newton = 1 (kg * m/s^2) - F = ma A 15 km/h breeze = 1 N Gravity (g) Force that attracts matter G = 9.8 m/s2 = gravitational acceleration Types of Energy Work (W) Work = force x distance in = Joules Potential Energy Mass * gravity * height (distance against pullRead MoreThe Construction Sector and Pollution2894 Words   |  12 Pageslargest construction sectors such as industrial facilities, commercial and office buildings; highways, and bridges (Hendrickson and Horvath). In China, the environmental pollutions contributed from construction have increased in a dramatic rate since 1980’s. For instance, the standards of major environmental indicators such as sulfur dioxide and total air-suspended particulates (TSP) are far worse than the global standards. It has been reported that 72 percent of the major cities in , have TSP of overallRead MoreChemistry : Water Chemistry And Water Quality4268 Words   |  18 Pagesosmosis does not require a lot of energy since it is just simple filtering, can be done with human power or even dead-weight. For the removal of salt from ocean water, distillation works well however the salt can cause corrosion and rust in the still s pipes and mechanisms. Rever se osmosis is also able to filter more of the contaminants in salt or fresh water because the filtration membrane pores are so small and can kill and separate many contaminants, and does so faster than distillation. HoweverRead MoreSience23554 Words   |  95 PagesEnvironmental Issues Webquest Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Go to http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction and answer the following questions. 1. What is the greenhouse effect? 2. How does it relate to climate change? 3. Draw and label the greenhouse effect. 4. Scroll down to the section â€Å"The Greenhouse Effect is Natural. What do we have to do with it?† What are some ways that humans are thoughtRead MoreMineral Resources18511 Words   |  75 PagesTimber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people b. Water Resources: Use and over-utilisation of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems. c. Mineral Resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. 16 20 20 22 22 23 26 30 32 d. Food Resources: World food problems, Changes in landuse by agriculture and grazing, Effects of modern agriculture, Fertilizer/ pesticide

Manufacturing Industry and Fair Trade in Australia Free Essays

The question that is being studied here is of unemployment, and this is clearly not being lost because of imports. The calculations have been made by the Australian Center for Industrial Relations Research and Teaching, and they say facts about the net changes in the rate of employment between 1988 and 1998 in a number of industrial sectors. It can be seen that there is a clear decline in employment in eight sectors of industry during this decade. We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing Industry and Fair Trade in Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was a net loss of about 250,000 jobs and more than sixty percent of the loss was in areas where there was no competition. This concerned employers like Commonwealth Bank, SECV, State Rail NSW, AMP, and the federal public services. (Do imports cost jobs: What’s wrong with fair trade? ) Compared to this, the total number of people employed in sector of textiles, clothing and footwear manufacture in Australia has been 80. 2 thousand as per the figures available for 1998. (Manufacturing employment) The important areas of job loss have been in the manufacture of different products with low import threats, and where the imports come from high wage countries. The exception is in the case of textile, clothing and footwear — TCF. In the case of these products, the imports are from medium wage countries and that import is 36. 0 percent of the total market for these goods in Australia. The largest import is from China, and they are now selling 20 percent of all TCF goods in Australia. (Do imports cost jobs: What’s wrong with fair trade? ) This has been confirmed at meetings of the productivity commission regarding the future of industry in the city of Melbourne and the state of Victoria. In the public hearing, they have also confirmed that if the recommendations of the commission are implemented then there would be another loss of 30,000 jobs. An industrialist, Brian Rush had this to say about the textile industry – â€Å"Commodity sewing, as such, in Australia has a real struggle in front of it. Our all-up labor rates in Bendigo, with all the add-ons, are about $28 an hour. You go to China and it’s less than 50 cents an hour†. (Textile jobs under threat. 2003) It is not that the government is not aware of the situation in the country and has already allocated $575 million for the textile, clothing and footwear sector under the Strategic Investment Program as stated by the minister for Industry, Tourism and Resources. His statement said â€Å"Australia’s $9 billion textile, clothing and footwear manufacturing industries can now apply for investment and RD assistance under the package which has been closely and extensively negotiated with industry players†. (Australia: Textile, clothing footwear sector investments worth AU $575mn approved, 2005) But this does not seem to have helped the workers as in one case, the workers sacked by National Textiles on January 21st are still on a 24 hour picket outside their factory and that is located about 170 kilometers north of Sydney. There are 342 workers and the claimed dues are on account of entitlements which are not paid consisting of leave on a yearly basis, sick leave, long service, redundancy payments and superannuation. (Sacked Australian textile workers picket for $11 million in unpaid entitlements) Regarding TCF, the economists at Reserve Bank have stated that about one third of the jobs lost in clothing are due to low wages and that is a total of 28,000 jobs. For footwear this amounts to 6,000 jobs lost. Well this seems to support that fair trade is the main reason for the lost jobs but they have also stated â€Å"Despite this large import effect, productivity improvements accounted for about two-thirds of the fall in employment in this sector† (Do imports cost jobs: What’s wrong with fair trade? ) This can be seen from a comparison of the figures of 1994 and 1999 where in the case of machinery and equipment the productivity has risen by 23. 2 percent and the job losses have been only 3. 9 percent reduction. In the TCF sector, the increase in productivity has been 15. 1 percent and the job losses are 15. 3 percent. (Do imports cost jobs: What’s wrong with fair trade? ) When one looks at the total employment figures the picture becomes even clearer with a reduction between 1974 and 1999 with a total reduction in textiles clothing and footwear by 53 percent, whereas in transport equipment and machinery the reduction was by 39 percent and in metallic products by 29 percent. Thus it is clear that employment is on the way down with a total reduction by 22 percent. This is hurting the workers as 24 percent of the total workers were employed in manufacturing in 1974, but this came down to just 12 percent in 1999. This does not mean that this section of industry has started producing less, and the production has increased, but the gains have not been passed on in terms of additional workers. This is reflected in the fact that the major portion of Australia’s workers is now engaged in the service sector – 82 percent of them. (Productivity Commission: Move to scrap tariffs sooner rather than later) To some extent the mismatching of the Australian government timing of cutting the protection of the textile, clothing and footwear sector with the change of the global TCF industry to get into a new form of organization, the commodity chain is also responsible. Due to this change, some Australian TCF manufacturers could not continue business any longer, while the others followed a number of strategies to remain in business, and these including a change of the labor required. This has led to losses in jobs determined by age, gender and ethnicity in the skilled and semi-skilled levels of production. This has been replaced by jobs in design, marketing and management. The jobs in the factories of Australia have to the Pacific Rim. (Trade and inequality: Australia’s textile, clothing, and footwear industries, 1986-1996) As an example one can see that in December, there was a reduction by the Sara Lee clothing factory of 200 workers in the factories of Sydney, Wollongong and Kempsey. The number was half of the total employees of workers in the organization. This company now plans to get most of the production for the company done at Fiji, where the labor is cheaper. A similar decision was also taken by Levi Strauss, the famous jeans manufacturer. They are now planning to cut down about 60 percent of the workers in Elizabeth, near Adelaide. They amount to 100 workers. (Australian Job Losses) For many of the workers this means social changes and increases unemployment rates in many areas leading to losses in consumer demand for products. For the people there are long term effects on health due to the loss of jobs and finding a job when one is over 50 is not easy. For the company also it is a loss of manufacturing capacity. Productivity Commission: Move to scrap tariffs sooner rather than later) In the meantime, a new breed of employers has come up and these are the employment agencies. They offer high efficiency when placing the employees in a firm. They claim to offer economies of scale due to their being a specialist third party managing the aspects of personnel management like recruitment. This is normally the function of the personnel department. They also lead to lower transaction costs and thus increase efficiencies due to the matching involved. Yet it is not very popular as in 2003 a survey showed that organizations are using hired employees for the purpose of getting workers for immediate requirements. Yet, a survey showed that 42 percent of the firms believe that there are good benefits for the firms using hired employees. The perceived benefits are the reduction of administrative costs, being able to go through a thorough process of recruitment and getting skilled workers. A very small portion of the firms gave their reason as reduction of employee cost due to lower payments. Temporary employment agencies as labor market intermediaries – new ways of working in an open economy) According to a study done by ABS in June 2002, there were 290, 000 employees hired through the employment agencies at that time. This is a 3. 1 percent share of the total employment market. According to them the organizations which had a union with a closed shop had the least chance of using a labor hire agency. This is thus a limiting factor on labor hire agencies. The positive factor for a labor hire agency is an organization with an employee relations manager. These managers are knowledgeable about the different sources from where they can get labor, as also the different types of labor with them. They are more likely to use the agencies when appropriate. Yet organizations hire labor sparingly and along with other flexible forms of labor like part-time labor and casual labor. (The Growth of Labor Hire Employment in Australia) It is wrong to expect the free traders or the fair traders to really have the interests of the workers at heart. One has to realize that the problem in part arises from the present chase for productivity and international competition. How to cite Manufacturing Industry and Fair Trade in Australia, Essay examples

Rise in Islamophobia in Social Work Practice-Case Study

Question: Analyse the impact of the current governments welfare reforms on disability and service user involvement. Drawing on critical race theory analyse the rise in Islamaphobia in social work practice. Explore the ways that hegemonic masculinities influences mens involvement in social work practice. Answer: Introduction Over the past decades, Islamophobia has developed or emerged as one of the hottest topics of debate in the entire world (Davids, 2009). Alongside the rise of anti-Roma racism and the increasing rates of attacks in context with the multiculturalism, Urh (2014) drew attention towards the growth of Islamophobia which has become quite a vital subject of discussion that made the theorists and the scholars critically research and assess the role of anti-Islam in the social work practices in the 21st century. Islamophobia is referred to as the hatred or prejudice against the Muslims or Islam. This paper strongly highlights how the Muslim identity and the latest social practices affect the well being and health of the Muslims in almost all the countries of the world (Esposito and Kaln, 2011). The causes and specialities of the Islamophobia are still not well known and are under debate. In the opinion of some scholars, it has been identified that Islamophobia is a type of cultural racism. Whi le the others have commented that this phobia against the Muslims has developed due to the most terrible and horrified terrorist attacks of September 11 and July 7 (Hafez, 2009). The fear and anxiety that the terror attacks posed on the minds and lives of the people all over the world has led them to turn their faces against the Muslims and prevent them from taking part in any social work practices of the country (Gottschalk and Greenberg, 2008). For over several years, it has been observed that there is a constant increase of hostility and antagonism towards the Islam communities in UK, US, France, etc and Islamophobia has come into view as a definite form of the modern anti-Muslim racism (Hussain, 1992). Researchers and sociologists have aimed at defining Islamophobia in detail but the essence and significance of the term is very much alike. An exaggerated anxiety or terror against the Muslims and Islam has developed a feeling of hatred among the people of the Western countries towards their community (Lyons, 2012). Making anti-Muslim racism respectable continues to be a most important and significance trend all over UK. Any Muslim person found on the streets is being either shot or imprisoned for lifetime due to fear. Islamophobia tends to range from the condescending and contemptuous stares and comments to the physical assaults of the Muslim residents in the country. The government policies of the country have prevented M uslims to get associated in the social work practices. Any Muslim citizen, whose actions and attitudes are deemed to be suspicious, will be considered as criminals and strict actions will be taken against that individual (Love, 2011). In this particular essay, spotlight will provided on the rise of Islamophobia in the entire UK and the existing racial discrimination according to the critical race theory and how this has affected the involvement of the Muslims in the social work practices. Main analysis of the paper In todays world, terrorism is often equated with Islam. The very name of Islam is a real taboo in the society (Field, 2011). Although the researchers have firmly focused or emphasised on the social work practices with the Black and minority ethnic (BME) people, the involvement of the Muslims in the social work remains particularly neglected. They are very much feared by the British populations due to the terror attacks which caused severe damage and hampered many innocent lives. As per the opinions of Rana (2007), the situation of the Muslim populations is thus considered as one of the most suppressing issues that British society is facing in the current times. The increasing number of attacks on the Muslim community in UK has led to the rise in threats towards the civil liberation in context with the security measures in the country. According to the viewpoints of Poynting and Mason (2007), the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and the successive war on terrorism have laid a c onsiderable impact on the Muslims in many Western countries such as Australia, US and UK. The Muslims feel bad about the fact that the English society in which they live in does not really accept them as a part of their community. Islam is regarded as the second most identified religion in UK behind Christianity. Quite a large area in Britain society is comprised of the Muslims (Sayyid, 2010). According to the statistical reports, the Muslims occupy nearly 5% of the population in England but the majority resided in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Surprisingly, the Muslims do not have any ancestral roots in the Arab countries. It has been perceived that the British worry about their families and friends. They just do not seem to empathise with the Muslims. Bryfonski (2012) opined that a vast majority of the British feel that Islamophobia is hateful and disgusting. As revealed by Fekete (2009), there were 115 attacks in a week after the disastrous terrorist attacks in Paris. Due to such, the anger and hatred of the British people towards the Muslim populations outpoured and as a result, they have declared firmly that they will not tolerate Islamophobia in the country. With the growth and development of the critical rac e theory, UK has targeted the Muslims and has aimed at punishing them and avoiding them so as to ensure their well being in the society (Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment, 2002). The rising wave of Islamophobia has made the integration with the Muslims less likely and the fear intensifies the perspectives and perceptions of the extremists (Abbas and Awan, 2015). This is quite discordant and dangerous and poses a great threat to the lives of the British. They feel that it has become quite hard for them to live in the country always with fear and anxiety. They cannot live fearlessly; their well being is in danger because of the huge Muslim population in UK. Asad (1997) stated that the concept of Islamophobia is commonly used to distinguish the expressions, speech and actions of terror and anxiety towards the Muslims or those who believe in the Islamic religion. By virtue of Khan (2012), irrespective of the fact whether the term Islamophobia is used as the anti-Muslim hostility or as racial discrimination towards the Islam culture, an in-depth analysis and review of the term is very much required in order to find out the specific significance and relevance to th e term phobia. The so-called conflicts and clashes between the British and the Islam have burst out on the front pages of the English newspapers (Hussain, 1992). Media reports and the legislative actions often cited the 9/11 and 7/7 attacks and focused on the Muslims as an external group thereby leading to the promotion of the negative stereotypes of the cultures of Muslims. The Islam communities in the UK are noticeably distinctive in terms of their culture, historical characteristics, languages as well as ethnicity. Due to such diversity, the Muslims are treated ignorantly in UK. This differentiation in the race and culture has led the Muslims to suffer a lot in the country. As per the opinions of Lewis (2014), the political and legal practices of UK are widely against the Islam culture. It has also been perceived that in Britain, about 75% of the Muslims of Pakistan in UK tend to marry their close relatives (Love, 2011). The researchers have questioned this entire practice and have raised their fingers against their culture. Research shows that the terrorist incidents have worsened the well being of UK over the past five years. The entire British society has emerged as a strong united community that stands against the Islam culture (Moaddel, 2007). This anti-Islamic racism has led the Muslims in Britain suffer from identity crisis. The issue of racism is one of the major and most worrisome topics in the UK society. In the current society, the most substantial segregation might not be in terms of the ethnic and racial lines. In the words of Martin (2010), the modern-day globalization has led to shift the attention of the people in the rising nature of racism where the Muslims are portrayed as the wicked or threatening culture. The researchers have widely depicted the resurrection of the anti-Islam racism is the direct result of the war on terror (Williams, 2010). It is quite imperative that the concept of war on terrorism is actually an attempt to manage and control the resources of the country. The recent voting polls have resulted that the immigration of the Muslims is considered as one of the third most discussed issue for the British people (Gallup, 2016). Holloway (2008) opined that after the issues of the 9/11 and 7/7 attacks, the religion, race and migration of the Muslims have become the centre of attention among the English people. With a purpose of avoiding the fear of terrorism, checking of the people at the airports, railway stations, shopping centres, schools, etc. has been regarded as of vital importance (Vakil, 2009). The government of the country has given permission to all the schools and the universities to check over and report about any suspicious activity from any Muslim individual. Toguslu, Leman and Sezgin (2013) overviewed that children and the women are very much prone to such threats and are largely affected when they are targeted due to Islamophobic abuses and attacks. Hence they are concerned with the general growth of discrimination. According to the opinion of Allen (2016), Islamophobia is a perfect threat to give rise to social cohesion. This practice or prejudice in the British society appears to be racial prejudice and cultural discrimination. It cannot be dealt with the external context of racism and discrimination in all over Europe (Sayyid and Vakil, 2010). The religious beliefs, values, perceptions, behaviours, attitudes, cultures, lifestyles, habits, language and appearance of the Muslims are considered to be violence and risk for the British. Peace (2012) has thereby argued by stating that though these Islamic people are looked down upon or feared in the British society, yet they have widely contributed for the welfare and betterment of the country. In accordance with the viewpoints of Awan (2016) and many other sociologists, the Muslim communities have also shared meaningful cultural world views in regards to the illnesses and their treatments. The physicians believing in Islamic religion have played a pivotal role in protecting and adapting the Greco-Arabic medicines to the Western part of Europe. But even after that, the English media have continuously highlighted the consequences of the terror attacks caused on September 11 and July 7 that led the British to consider the Muslims as criminals (Allen, 2016). Though the Muslims want to make a strong and permanent alliance with the British, the latter do not feel like stay connected with the Islam due to the fear of the past terrorist attacks. As a matter of fact, Awan (2016) commented that the Muslims do not get any sort of help or cooperation from any English inhabitant. The country-jihad movement of UK is broadening and spreading its branches across the entire Europe which reflects that about 24 different far-right groups have aimed at thumping up strong feeling of hatred and negligence towards the Muslim population (Abbas and Awan, 2015). Thus a racial civil war has been provoked in the society. Fekete (2009) has opined that UK has stood up extremely against the Islam religion and the phobia and tensions against the Muslims has thus increased considerably over their immigration. In context with the social work perspective, it can be said that in the European countries the people tend to neglect the Muslim social workers and ignore their services due to the anti-Islam feeling (Ragab, 2016). The good works and the skills of the Muslim people are not even acknowledged or recognised by the Western culture as they cannot rely upon them. Vakil (2009) has shed light upon the fact that these people do not accept the services of the Muslim social workers who work with great toil to earn their livelihood in the European countries. According to the viewpoints of Davids (2009), since the fear and anxiety against the Islamic religion and their race has left a deep adverse impact on the minds of the people of the European countries that they are not ready to accept the goodness and positive attitudes of the Islamic people. The people believing in the Western culture do not actually feel comfortable to get socialised and stay connected to any Muslim immigrant (Nabi, 2011). On the other hand, it has been perceived that the Muslim people do not get adequate social benefits from the European society. Naqvi and Smits (2011) have highlighted the fact that due to this fear and Islamophobic prejudice, their needs and necessities are being significantly ignored or neglected by the social care workers of UK. Thus many Muslim men, women and children in the country are found to be deprived of getting any kind of care treatment and safety or protection measures (Nesser, 2014). Acknowledging the current UK society, Allen (2010) has stated that it is absolutely impossible to detach racism of the country from the past terror incidents. The country has been very much specific and particular in terms of their ethnic and religious values. Anti-Islamic practices are not different in UK from the other countries (Gottschalk and Greenberg, 2008). Same fear, anxiety, tension, risks and bogeymen have caused significant negative violence, attitudes and resentment in almost all the countries of the world. It has been observed by Imhoff and Recker (2012) that due to such terror, the Muslims are not allowed to take part in any activity of the society. They are even suffering from severe unemployment and are deprived of any kind of social, economic or political benefits. Since the cultures of Muslims do not tally with that of UK, the perceived incompatibility between their cultures has led the non-Muslim people of the country stay away from them (Laitin, 2010). Morgan and Poynting (2011) have commented that in almost all the Western countries of the world, the Muslims are being prevented from moving about in the streets freely as per their will. The young children are being taught not to socialise or stay in touch with the Muslim children at schools or universities. This social rejection has made it quite difficult for the Muslim communities to survive and stay in peace in UK and other European countries (Field, 2011). The hate preachers, that is, the media or the press has indeed increased this anti-Islamic motto in the society and thus the Muslims are being treated brutally in the country. As per the opinions of Bryfonski 92012), the rate of Muslim imprisonment is much higher than that of the non-Muslims. Also it has been noticed that the people believing in Islamic religion are not accepted as general citizens of the country. All these factors show the real fear among the people that has rooted up in their hearts and occupied a large por tion of their minds since the 9/11 attacks (Holloway, 2008). The fundamentalists of Islam have spoiled or ruined the public image of the Muslims in all over UK and thus it has created a tense situation in the society. In the words of Urh (2014), these terror strikes which are carried out by the fanatics of racial discrimination and anti-Islam on the soil of UK have brightened and broadened the International headlines and escalate the issue to a wide extent. After the September 11 attack, the government of UK has made an attempt to introduce certain policies that will help the British people to overcome their fear of the Muslims (Gottschalk and Greenberg, 2008). But the government initiatives such as the anti-terrorism legislations failed to ease the anxieties of the people. Williams (2010) anticipated that some Muslim individuals feel a certain extent of cultural alienation. In contrary to these, it has been also perceived that the Muslims have developed a sense of humanism within themselves. Moreover, Islam has proved to be extensively dynamic by adapting to the non-Islam culture to diverse themselves from the Islamic society (Vakil, 2009). While reviewing the opinions of some Muslims, it has bee n perceived that they are not respected by the people of UK and other European countries. (Ragab, 2016) has overviewed that the perceived inequalities between the European and Muslim cultures have resulted in racism and class division. According to the Durkheims theory of socialism, people tend to envisage religion as a firm contribution to the betterment and welfare of the society. Thus in this respect it can be said that the British people respect and socialise with those people who share common religious values and beliefs (Rana, 2007). In case of Webers theory of social change, the western culture or Christians are believe that God will punish all those who are sinful and have caused harm to the innocents (Martin, 2010). With such belief, the Christians are quite likely to consider the Muslims as the sinful as they have created terror in the minds and hearts of all the people of all the European countries including UK. Hence as stated by Peace (2012), the fundamental aim of the people of these western countries is to remove negative aspects from the society to promote their well being and bring in peace. As a matter of fact, the people have continued their struggles against the Muslims and thus racial discrimination has escalated immensely in the British society. Nabi (2011) has underpinned his thoughts by saying that the dominance and oppression of the British government towards the Islamic communities in UK and other European countries has forced the latter to stay isolated from the others. Moaddel (2007) overviewed that the culture and religion has grown over extensively than politics almost across all the regions. It has been surveyed by Hafez (2009) and several researchers and theorists that these racial differences are the root causes behind the tensions between the Western world and the Muslims. This has become quite a significant conversation or debate about Islamophobia which embodies that the political and social interests of the people of both the religions might vary considerably, yet their religious and cultural differences are more entrenched within the people (Laitin, 2010). On the basis of one of the five pillars of Islam, it can be explained that the differences in the Islamic notion of charity to that of the Christians thoro ughly showcased that the former has been specifically designed in order to serve the true cause of social justice. On the other hand, Allen (2016) has shed light upon the fact that in Christianity, the concept of charity is completely based on compensation where the recipients will have no right to donation rather than reflecting a feeling of grace for the donor (Lean and Esposito, 2012). In Islamic society, the poorer class of people have the right to claim donation from the wealthier class of people in the society and as such the well being of the society is ensured. In contrast, Imhoff and Recker (2012) have explained in their opinions that the UK society has developed a strong feeling of hatred towards the Muslims and due to such, the British has decided not to socialise with them. The rising questions of gender and cultural identity of the Muslims in Britain have led to the increasing levels of Islamophobia and affected the lives of many Muslim women (Khan, 2012). The levels of racism have thus rooted up significantly in the UK society and other European countries. The practice of covering t he heads of the Muslim women shows the refusal or rejection of the British towards them (Lyons, 2012). It reflects that they see the Muslim women as a part of a complex historical progression trying to form their identity. According to the viewpoints of Poynting and Mason (2007), due to such circumstance, these women are being criticised and abused very badly by the western culture for not accepting the fact that they can only achieve their freedom by agreeing with the inferiority of their own culture. The significant relationship between racialisation and Islamophobia can be highlighted by making an argument that before experiencing Islamophobia in UK and other European countries, the white people converted into Islam are again racialised as non-white religion (Sayyid, 2010). Many Muslims also fail to comprehend the true meaning of Islamophobia as they might have hardly experienced it. Thus it has been claimed by Toguslu, Leman and Sezgin (2015) that Islamophobia is just a myth or belief that has engraved in the hearts of the people of almost all the Western countries including UK. As indicated by Imhoff and Recker (2012), the racial and cultural differences that the Muslim immigrants brought in Europ e along with them are considered as the most vital obstacle towards their integration. Due to the fear existed among the people; it is quite obvious that they will never want to assimilate or mix up with the Muslims (Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment, 2002). This observed disconnection between the Muslim immigrants and the British people are also a very subjective issue that has been argued so as to prevent or minimise the immigration of the Muslims from the countries which comprise of a predominant Muslim population (Urh, 2014). In the European society, when the Muslims are exposed or depicted as a complicated and problematic group of people, they are frequently conversed with respect to their families which viewed the women, children and youths as the cultural prisoners. Nesser (2014) has drawn attention towards the fact that the youths believing in the Islam religion are considered to be posing the most significant threat to the society supposedly due to their different cultural beliefs and values. The young Muslim men are portrayed in the European society as a disturbing element (Lewis, 2014). It is inferred that these people need to be unveiled and empowered due to the pressure of their familys traditional and social relations. Conclusion From the entire study, it can be broadly depicted that the Muslims are thoroughly ignored and avoided in the Western society. They are deprived of their human rights and are always criminalised under the European Law due to mere suspicion (Morgan and Poynting, 2011). No approval is being given to these Muslim immigrants in schools, colleges or in any public and private sector. The overall analysis of this paper has enlightened the true aspect and significance of Islamophobia that has rooted up firmly in the minds and hearts of the people of UK and other European countries. It is opined by Naqvi and Smits (2011) that the well being and betterment of the European countries has been hampered and ruined due to the terrorist attacks of the Muslims. According to Monshipouri (2011), Islamophobia among the people belonging to the western culture, aim at violating or preventing the Muslim individuals from their rights and freedom. Islamophobia is considered to be an analytical term that is wi dely tackled by the scantiness of its current formulation. The paper identified that the prejudice of Islamophobia tends to irritation and arise complexities without facilitating any kind of elucidation. Hence as per the opinion of Imhoff and Recker (2012), rallies have been organized in the European countries in order to emphasise upon throwing away or preventing the entry of Muslim immigrants. Stop the Islamisation of Europe has been the one of the most significant rally in the entire Europe so as to showcase their affirmation towards the anti-Islamic race. The rise in terror among the people of UK and other European countries due to the terrorist attacks in US has extensively led to the emergence of Islamophobia among the people (Vakil, 2009). The media and press play a pivotal role in highlighting the anti-Islam concept every day. The European Muslims are almost regularly represented in the English media as criminals or untrustworthy groups of people who are subjected to the divided loyalties (Toguslu, Leman and Sezgin, 2015). Thus it ca n be said that Islamophobia has resulted in racial discrimination and also it affected the social work practices of the countries significantly. References Abbas, T. and Awan, I. (2015). Limits of UK Counterterrorism Policy and its Implications for Islamophobia and Far Right Extremism.Int J for Crime, Justice Social Democracy, 4(3). Allen, C. (2010).Islamophobia. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Allen, C. (2016).Islamophobia. London: Routledge. Asad, T. (1997). EUROPE AGAINST ISLAM: ISLAM IN EUROPE.Muslim World, The, 87(2), pp.183-195. Awan, M. (2016).Islamophobia. [S.l.]: Policy Press. Bryfonski, D. (2012).Islamophobia. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Davids, M. (2009). THE IMPACT OF ISLAMOPHOBIA.Psychoanalysis History, 11(2), pp.175-191. Esposito, J. and Kaln, I. (2011).Islamophobia. New York: Oxford University Press. Fekete, L. (2009).A suitable enemy. London: Pluto. Field, C. (2011). Islamophobia.Journal of Contemporary Religion, 26(3), pp.509-511. Gallup, (2016).Islamophobia: Understanding Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the West. [online] Gallup.com. Available at: https://www.gallup.com/poll/157082/islamophobia-understanding-anti-muslim-sentiment-west.aspx [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. Gottschalk, P. and Greenberg, G. (2008).Islamophobia. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Hafez, K. (2009).Islam in "liberal" Europe. Holloway, D. (2008).9/11 and the War on Terror. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Hussain, S. (1992).The reconstruction of Islamic society. Lahore: Ferozsons. Imhoff, R. and Recker, J. (2012). Differentiating Islamophobia: Introducing a New Scale to Measure Islamoprejudice and Secular Islam Critique.Political Psychology, 33(6), pp.811-824. Khan, N. (2012). Definitional Issues of Terrorism Rise of Islamophobia.SSRN Electronic Journal. Laitin, D. (2010). Rational Islamophobia in Europe.Arch. eur. sociol., 51(03), pp.429-447. Lean, N. and Esposito, J. (2012).The Islamophobia industry. London: Pluto Press. Lewis, P. (2014). Islam and Public Controversy in Europe.Islam and ChristianMuslim Relations, 26(3), pp.389-390. Love, E. (2011).Confronting islamophobia. [Santa Barbara, Calif.]: University of California, Santa Barbara. Lyons, J. (2012).Islam through Western eyes. New York: Columbia University Press. Martin, N. (2010). Are British Muslims Alienated from Mainstream Politics by Islamophobia And British Foreign Policy?.SSRN Electronic Journal. Moaddel, M. (2007).Values and perceptions of the Islamic and Middle Eastern publics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Monshipouri, M. (2011).Human rights in the Middle East. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Morgan, G. and Poynting, S. (2011).Global Islamophobia. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Pub. Nabi, S. (2011).How is Islamophobia institutionalised?. University of Manchester. Naqvi, R. and Smits, H. (2011).Framing peace. Nesser, P. (2014).Islamist terrorism in Europe. Peace, T. (2012). Islamophobia * Islamophobia: The Challenges of Pluralism in the 21st Century.Parliamentary Affairs, 66(4), pp.887-893. Poynting, S. and Mason, V. (2007). The resistible rise of Islamophobia: Anti-Muslim racism in the UK and Australia before 11 September 2001.Journal of Sociology, 43(1), pp.61-86. Ragab, I. (2016). The Islamic perspective on social work: A conceptual framework.International Social Work, 59(3), pp.325-342. Rana, J. (2007). The Story of Islamophobia.Souls, 9(2), pp.148-161. Sayyid, S. (2010).Thinking through Islamophobia. London: Hurst. Sayyid, S. and Vakil, A. (2010).Thinking through Islamophobia. New York: Columbia University Press. Toguslu, E., Leman, J. and Sezgin, I. (2015).New multicultural identities in Europe Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment. (2002). Taylor Francis. Urh, P. (2014). 'Everyone is blaming us!' Conceptualising current anti-Roma racism in Europe and its necessary implications for anti-racist social work.Critical and Radical Social Work, 2(1), pp.59-76. Vakil, A. (2009). Is the Islam in Islamophobia the Same as the Islam in Anti-Islam; or, When Is It Islamophobia Time?1.e-cadernos CES, (03). Williams, B. (2010).The war on terror. Mankato, Minn.: Arcturus Pub.

Analysis of Power Relations in an Organization

Great Depression essays

Great Depression essays I was only nine when the stock market failed in October of 1929. At the peak of the depression we left our home and started for California, where it was said gold was being mined. I was young but I grew fast, learning to fend for myself, to survive on my own. We had been traveling for two weeks now. Where we were heading I had no idea. My mother kept saying we were almost there, that it was just a little further. I didnt know what to believe. It felt like we had been traveling for an eternity. It was the winter of 32, three years after the great stock market crash. Although we packed as much food as we could, it still wasnt enough to get us through several days. We would stop in soup kitchens along the way, to get a free meal. It always felt awkward to me going to places and having people give us food for free, knowing there were so many others starving, scraping for every penny that they could get. I remember the first soup kitchen we went in, Brother Can You Spare a Dime played on the radio as we found ourselves a seat. My father picked up a newspaper sitting on the table. When, finally, he came across something that interested him, I was able to read the title, 12 Million Unemployed across States It just keeps getting worse, I heard him say, more to himself than to anyone else, followed by, hopefully this Roosevelt can do better than ol Herbert. My father always talked of the president that way, with an ol in front. Mother managed a small smile, probably thinking the same thing I was. It quickly disappeared though as the soup was placed before us. There really were no words to describe it, only that I wondered if our old dog would have touched it. But still, we ate it. I suppose youll eat anything if youre hungry enough. When we were done we thanked the gentleman that worked there and my father left a nickel. It was getting late so we ...

What was the idea, belief, or movement that had the greatest impact on Research Paper

What was the idea, belief, or movement that had the greatest impact on Western civilization from the Enlightenment to the present day - Research Paper Example First, there was a need to make an improvement in technology. An improvement in technology would improve the world to a better place (Perry 12). Secondly, it was a prudent approach to make advances on science. In the ancient times, science was part of the society. Consequentially, the people were using traditional approaches in science, which recorded dismal performance. Thirdly, there was a need to mark an improvement in the social organisations of the day. With a collective bargain on the three issues, the human condition would be improved. This called for reaction from different individuals, governments and organisations that were directly involved in governance. Therefore, concentrating on these issues would yield results. Though it would take time, their efforts were greatly rewarded. Apparently, they were geared towards improving social progress that would improve the lives of people. This would also have an impact on developing economy and improve science and technology applic ation. There are notable ideologies and movements that were influential in steering western civilization in the world. To begin with, the idea of revolution was an influential approach in the western countries. North America was among the first regions to induct revolution in improving the human condition (Spielvogel 18). Many British colonies decided that this was the right time to bring change in various aspects of the country. First, they focused on improving the economy. They noted that the economy was strong pillar that would be influential in improving human condition. As such, they had several ideologies that would improve their economy. As such, they had to make a different approach by employing sophisticated ideas that would develop their economy. In perfecting their economy, some countries like Britain decided to develop great cities. This was particularly successful since they had a large population that would provide the much-needed labour. For instance, a better part of the population was the Britain ascent. However, there were other minorities which included the Dutch, Irish and black slaves (Sherman 17). The large population would provide descent labour to build cities across the nation. With developed cities, the region was able to record an improvement in the economy. In making an even better improvement, the region accepted immigrants from neighbouring regions. This would increase the number of people in need of employment. In return, the economy would gain by utilising the labour provided by the population. One of the ideas that improved the economy of the region was the introduction of taxes. The Britain government felt that the population needed to pay taxes. This was a move to increase the revenue collected by the government. In actual sense, the Britain government felt that all colonies should pay taxes that would run the government (Spielvogel 21). Consequentially, there was opposition from the colonies that felt overburdened by the tax es. Apparently, their grievances and opposition did not deter the government of the day from implementing the tax. This is particularly due to non-representation in the government. This was a milestone to improving the economy as the governments continued to amass revenue. While focusing on these revolutions and change in the economy, there are many regions that benchmarked the ideology. For instance, Canada, Australia and New Zealand made possible changes to mark an improvement in the economy and culture. This collectively improved the western countries to a better social and economic path. There was a belief that improving education and application of science would improve the world, especially the western count

Competitive advantages with the merger of exxon and mobil Case Study

Competitive advantages with the merger of exxon and mobil - Case Study Example Unlike other companies in this industry, such as Shell, Exxon-Mobil now has a new knowledge base of talented professionals that supersedes other industries. The revenues earned by Exxon-Mobil have also provided the firm with new opportunities for further acquisitions, including its 2010 purchase of XTO Energy (Miller, 1). This acquisition has given the business much higher competitive edge due to its capital purchase as XTO is a leader in providing new innovations in unconventional energy resources, including natural gas and fossils fuels that burn cleaner than competitive products. This is a competitive advantage since regulations for clean air emissions are targeting firms and Exxon-Mobil is already geared for compliance and will be able to avoid non-compliance fees and taxation like some of its gas industry competitors. It is clear that the company’s largest competitive advantage comes in the form of high profitability. Miller, Don. â€Å"Exxon Deal for XTO Energy May Set Off Wave of Energy Mergers and Acquisitions†. Money Morning Magazine Online. Accessed October 8, 2011 at

Critically review recent public health policy developments

Critically review recent public health policy developments This assignment will critically review recent public health policy developments in the field of Cancer in England also it will evaluate its effectiveness and implications for public health and health promotion practice. This assignment will first briefly review the recent public health policies of England starting from Health of the Nation white paper (1992), Saving lives white paper (1999), Cancer Plan (2000) Choosing health white paper (2004) and the most recent public health policy for Cancer Cancer Reform Strategy (2007). After reviewing the recent public health policy developments for cancer in England, evaluation and implications of these policies will be discussed. From 1992 to 1997, the Health of the Nation (HOTN) strategy was the central plank of health policy in England and formed the context for the planning of services provided by the National Health Services (NHS). The HOTN policy focused on five key areas: coronary heart disease and stroke; cancer; mental illness; HIV/AIDS and sexual health; and accidents. Each area had a statement of main objectives attached to it, together with twenty seven targets across the areas. Cancer targets of the HOTN policy were to, reduce death rate for breast cancer in women invited for screening by more than 25% by 2000, reduce incidence of invasive cervical cancer by 20% by 2000, reduce death rate for lung cancer in those aged less than 75 by 30% (men) and 15% (women) by 2010, halt year on year increase in incidence of skin cancer by 2005 (Department of Health 1992). Health of the Nation white papers importance lay in the fact that it represented the first explicit attempt by government to provide a strategic approach to improve the overall health of the population. But according to the review of the HOTNs policy commissioned by Department of Health 2000, HOTNs policy failed over its five year lifespan to recognize its full potential and was handicapped from the outset by numerous flaws of both a conceptual and process type nature. Its impact on policy documents peaked as early as 1993; and, by 1997, its impact on local health policy making was negligible. The HOTNs policy was regarded as a Department of Health initiative which lacked cross-departmental commitment and ownership. At local level, it was seen as principally a health service document and lacked local government ownership. (The Health of the Nation a policy assessed 2000). The White Paper Saving Lives Our Healthier Nation was published on 6 July 1999 together with Reducing Health Inequalities: an Action Report. These two documents set out the Governments strategy for health for the next 10 years. They brought a new and important focus to the promotion of health and the prevention of ill-health. The health strategy set out in the White Paper was centred on four priority areas (cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke, accidents and mental health). Action to tackle these important areas of ill-health was set in the context of both a Government-wide agenda to address the underlying causes (through, for example, measures to combat poverty, to improve education and work opportunities, and to improve the environment including the quality of the housing stock); also through the wider public health agenda, specifically action to tackle smoking (DH 2000) The NHS Cancer Plan (2000) was the first comprehensive National cancer programme for England. It had four aims: to save more lives, to ensure people with cancer get the right professional support and care as well as the best treatments, to tackle the inequalities in health that mean unskilled workers are, twice as likely to die from cancer as professionals, to build for the future through investment in the cancer workforce, through strong research and through preparation for the genetics, revolution, so that the NHS never falls behind in cancer care again (NHS Cancer Plan 2000) . According to Department of Health (2000), for the first time this plan provided a comprehensive strategy for bringing together prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment and care for cancer and the investment needed to deliver these services in terms of improved staffing, equipment, drugs, treatments and information systems. At the heart of the Plan there were three new commitments. 1) In addition to the ex isting (Smoking Kills white paper 1998) target of reducing smoking in adults from 28% to 24% by 2010, new national and local targets to address the gap between socio-economic groups in smoking rates and the resulting risks of cancer and heart disease. 2) New goals and targets was set to reduce waiting times for diagnosis and treatment of cancer so that no one should wait longer than one month from an urgent referral for suspected cancer to the beginning of treatment except for a good clinical reason or through patient choice. 3) An extra  £50 million NHS investment a year by 2004 in hospices and specialist palliative care, to improve access to these services across the country. For the first time ever, NHS investment in specialist palliative care services will match that of the voluntary sector (Cancer Plan DH 2000). There were enormous achievements since the NHS Cancer Plan 2000, like action on tobacco and the smoking ban had led to a fall in smoking rates (from 28% of the population in 1998 to 24% in 2005), amounting to 1.6 million fewer smokers. More cancers were detected through screening by National Cancer Screening Programmes for breast, bowel and cervical cancers. New screening programmes were introduced as and when they were proven to be both clinically and cost effective. Waiting times for cancer care have reduced dramatically. There had been a major increase in the use of drugs approved by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), to treat cancer with less variation between cancer networks. Since April 1 2009, patients undergoing treatment for cancer, including the effects of past cancer treatment, have been able to apply for a medical exemption certificate. It is expected that the new scheme will benefit up to 150,000 people already diagnosed with cancer, who might pay  £100 or more each year in prescription charges (NHS Cancer Plan DH, 2010) Although there are tremendous improvements of NHS Cancer Plan according to Department of health but according to the The Lancet Oncology editorial 2009 the NHS cancer plan for England was set up, at least in part, in reaction to data from the EUROCARE project, which showed that England cancer survival rates was lagging behind the rest of the Europe. The stated aim of the plan was: By 2010, Englands five year survival rates for cancer will compare with the best in Europe. Despite all the caveats that must be borne in mind when extrapolating from available data, and when comparing across European countries, the evidence available suggests that England is at best keeping track with improvements elsewhere, rather than closing the gap, and that the 2010 cancer target looks optimistic. Solutions to the problems of cancer are not easy, but perhaps the time has come to consider rather more fundamental changes to the NHS than are offered in the cancer plan if England is to truly offer world c lass healthcare (The Lancet Oncology 2009). According to Bosanquet et al (2008) huge amounts of money have been thrown at cancer in NHS cancer plan. The exact sum is opaque but the investment in cancer care has more than tripled over the past decade and now have approached European levels but improvements in cancer survival rates is not comparable with other European countries (Bosanquet et al, 2008). The Choosing Health White Paper was published in November 2004.   Choosing Health identified six key priority areas: tackling health inequalities, reducing the numbers of people who smoke, tackling obesity, improving sexual health, improving mental health and well-being, reducing harm and encouraging sensible drinking (Choosing Health, Department of Health 2004). Choosing health policy was particularly successful in banning the smoking in public places (Department of Health 2010). Before reviewing the most recent public health policy development for Cancer in England it is important to look at the current and past statistics of Cancer in the England. Also according to the Parkin (2006) accurate statistics on cancer occurrence and outcome are essential both for the purposes of research (into causes, prevention and treatment of cancer) and for the planning and evaluation of programmes for cancer control. According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) 2010 UK the four most common cancers, breast, lung, colorectal and prostate accounted for more than half of the 245,300 new cases of malignant cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) registered in England in 2007. Of the total number of new cases in 2007 in England, 123,100 were in males and 122,200 in females, breast cancer accounted for 31 per cent of all cases of cancers in England among women and prostate cancer accounted for 25 per cent of all cases of cancers in England among men. Cancer is predomin antly a disease of older people as only 0.5 per cent of cases registered in 2007 in England were in children (age under 15) and 25 per cent were in people aged under 60. Between 1971 and 2007, the age-standardised incidence of cancer increased by around 21 per cent in males and 45 per cent in females in England. In each year in England over one in four people die from cancer. In England cancer accounts for 30 per cent of all deaths in males and 25 per cent of all deaths in females (ONS UK, 2010). Survival rates of cancer patients in England varies by type of cancer and, for each cancer, by a number of factors including sex, age and socio-economic status. Five-year relative survival is very low (in the range 3-16 per cent) for cancers of the pancreas, lung, oesophagus, stomach and brain for patients diagnosed in England in 2001-06, compared with ovarian cancer (39 per cent), cancers of the bladder, colon and cervix (47-64 per cent), and cancers of the prostate and breast (77-82 per c ent). In England for the majority of cancers, a higher proportion of women than men usually survives for at least five years after diagnosis. Among adults, the younger the age at diagnosis, the higher the survival for almost every cancer. In England five year survival rates for patients diagnosed between 2001-06 have improved slightly or stayed stable for 16 of the 21 most common cancers compared to the period 2000-04 (Cancer Research UK, ONS UK 2010). The most recent public health policy for cancer in England is the Cancer Reform Strategy (DH 2010). The Cancer Reform Strategy published in December 2007, builds on progress made since publication of the NHS Cancer Plan in 2000 and sets out a clear direction for cancer services. According to the document of Cancer Reform Strategy published by Department of Health (2007), it shows how by 2012 cancer services in England can be among the best in the world. It also launched three new initiatives: 1) The National Awareness and Early Diagnosis Initiative, aimed to raise awareness of cancer symptoms among the public and health professionals and encourage those who may have symptoms to seek early attention. Almost  £5 million was allocated to the NHS to support cancer networks and primary care trusts in improving awareness of cancers and promoting early diagnosis. 2) The National Cancer Survivorship Initiative is working to improve support for the 1.63 million people currently living with and beyond cancer in England. 3) The National Equality Initiative is working to reduce inequalities in cancer care. According to the Department of health (2010) the aims of the Cancer Reform Strategy is to build on progress already made and meet remaining challenges, the government has developed this strategy to set out the next steps for delivering cancer services in England, by saving more lives through prevention of cancer whenever possible and through earlier detection and better treatment, by improving patients quality of life by ensuring services patient centred and well-coordinated and by offering choice where appropriate, increase public awareness of cancer, reduce inequalities in access to services and in service quality thereby reducing inequalities in cancer outcomes, build for the future, through education, research and workforce development, and enable cancer care to be delivered in the best place, at the right time. Prevention of cancer by screening is a most important aspect to tackle cancer. NHS Screening programmes are part of the Cancer reform strategy 2007. According to NHS Screening Programme (2010), over half of all cancers in the past could be prevented if people adopted healthy lifestyles such as: by stopping smoking, avoiding obesity, eating a healthy diet, undertaking a moderate level of physical activity, avoiding too much alcohol, and excessive exposure to sunlight. According to the NHS Cervical Screening Programme (2010), it saves up to 4,500 lives in England every year. Within the NHS Cervical Screening Programme in England, women aged 25 to 49 are invited for free cervical screening every three years, and women aged 50 to 64 are invited every five years. Women over the age of 65 are invited if their previous three tests were not clear or if they have never been screened. According to the NHS Breast Screening Programme (2010), its breast screening awareness programme regarded as one of the best screening programmes in the world, saving an estimated 1,400 lives each year. 96.4 per cent of women who have had invasive breast cancer detected by screening are alive five years later. Under the NHS Breast Screening Programme, breast screening is provided every three years for all women in England aged 50 and over. Currently, women aged between 50 to 69 years are invited routinely and women over the age of 70 can request free three-yearly screening.  The eligible age range for routine breast screening will be extended further to provide nine screening rounds between 47 and 73 years. According to the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (2010), it is one of the first National bowel screening programmes in the world and the first cancer screening programme in England to include men as well as women. All men and women aged 60 to 69 are expected to be included by December 2010, meaning around 2 million men and women will be screened and an estimated 3,000 cancers detected every year. The programme will be extended from 2010 to include men and women aged 70-75 years. According to the Lancet Oncology editorial (2009), although the Governments Cancer Plan and Cancer Reform Strategy has had some impact on how long sufferers survive after diagnosis, it is still struggling to close the gap between England and other European countries. A study by Bernard Rachet et al, (2007) published in the Lancet Oncology journal also suggested that some of the improvements in cancer in England merely reflect ongoing trends in cancer cure rather than real change. There are also large variations in cancer cure and survival rates across the country, with patients in the North West of England still more likely to die earlier from the same cancer as those in the South of England. An editorial in the journal also warns that the time has come to consider more fundamental change in the NHS than the Cancer Plan and Cancer Reform Strategy offers. The study by Bernard Rachet et al, (2007) in The Lancet Oncology journal looked at survival rates for 21 common cancers, comparing the rates in England and Wales, ( in Wales a similar scheme like Cancer Plan was introduced only in 2006) most cancers showed a rise in survival rates in England compared to Wales after 2001, but there was a fall in the survival rates in England compared to Wales for bladder cancer, Hodgkins lymphoma and leukaemia (blood cancer). According to the Professor Karol Sikora, medical director of Cancer Partners UK, (Lancet Oncology 2009) that there is no striking improvement in the cancer cure rates and survival rates in England, despite the huge resources involved in the NHS cancer Plan and Cancer reform strategy, also there is still wide regional variation in survival, with deprivation still being linked to poor outcome, a factor which the plan was meant to address. Also according to Karol Sikora, access to new cancer drugs in England is also poor, the latest EU comparator (2008) shows that the use of six cancer drugs approved in the past three years is fivefold less in the UK than the EU average. According to Ciaran Devane Macmillan Cancer Support (Telegraph UK April 2010), although there are more cancer survivors in England because of both the improvements in treatment and an ageing population, but this does not show the whole picture of cancer policy of England. After once the treatment of cancer ends, many patients feel abandoned by the NHS and struggle to cope with the long-term effects of cancer, and cancer treatment. The NHS cancer policy needs to ensure all cancer patients have the support they need to manage the long term effects of cancer treatment. A recent report by National Radiotherapy Advisory Group (2007) suggests that England need a massive 90% expansion in radiotherapy provision for cancer patients. According to Crump (2009) that in England radiotherapy for cancer patients is at the same level as it was in the 1980s, with only 7% of eligible patients getting precisely targeted intensity-modulated radiotherapy. In conclusion of this assignment, although the recent public health policy developments in field of cancer have shown some success in England but there are certain areas where significant improvement is require like early detection of cancers to reduce higher incidence rates of cancer by decreasing the waiting times for patients and cancer survival rates especially when comparing to other top European countries. There is a need to change cancer policy of England to meet the real requirements of current and future cancer patients.

Interview Question and Ans

Tell me about yourself? Ans1) My name is Sakshi Malhotra. I am from Faridabad. I have done my graduation degree in BBA from MD University, Rohtak. I am currently pursuing PGDM degree from IMS college. Apart from the academic interests I am a creative person. Q2) What is your greatest strength? Weakness? Ans2) (i) Strengths: * Good communication skills * Strong will power * Dedicated nature. (ii) Weakness: * I cannot tolerate back biting. I may easily lose temper if I come across dishonest people. Q3) Why did you choose to interview with us?Ans3) I chose to interview with you because the job profile fits ideally with the kind of work experience that I am looking forward to. This is the firm in which I can realize my full potential and gain quality experience in my professional life. Q4) What are your short-term and long term goals? Ans4) (i) Short –Term Career Goals: To work in any of the four competitors –KPMG, E & Y, PWC, DELLOITE (ii) Long Term Goal: Long-Term Goa l of mine is to broaden my experience in different departments and work processes of the industry so that I can become qualified enough to lead a company as the CEO.Q5) Describe a time you had to make a difficult decision? Ans5) The most difficult decision I had to make so far was to choose between a career in Hotel Management and a career in management. With the help of my family I decided to choose a career in management as it will still fulfill my dream of managing and I also get to choose the industry I want to work in. Q6) What do you do when a team member is not pulling his/her weight? Ans6) When a team- member is not pulling his/her weight then I will try to find out the reason for the de motivated behavior of the team member.If a can resolve the issue then I will put my efforts in that direction else if I cannot find the reason then I will try to lead by example by putting extra efforts and involving the team member. Q7) Think about a time you made a mistake. What did you le arn from it? Ans7) The mistake that I made was very trivial and hence not worth mentioning here but the lesson that I learnt was much more important. I learnt that it is always easier and better to admit your mistake and apologize for it. Trying to hide the mistake is just another mistake.

Employee Compensation and Benefits Essay

Black Corporation, an innovative new technology corporation, has just hired John as the director of their Human Resources Department. As HR Director, John has been tasked with hiring an Administrative Assistant/ Secretary for the advertising department and to develop an employee compensation and benefits package that will be used for that position upon hire. He must elaborate on Black Corporation and the type of organization for which he is designing the package and develop an employee compensation and benefits package for this new position. He must be able to support his ideas the compensation/benefits package. This is the first time that John has had the task of hiring for Black Corporation and he will need quality resources to assist him to ensure that he is able to make the process as smooth and effective as possible. What type of Organization is Black Corporation? To begin with, John has recently been hired by Black Corporation as the director of their HR department. John has may years of HR experience and is also a certified Senior Professional in Human resources. BC is a brand new addition to the technology industry, which has just introduced an innovative communications device called the Talk Tablet. This device is a cellular telephone that is also a tablet that can be used for Internet access and app purchases. The head of Advertising, Mary, is in the process of launching a multi million dollar ad campaign and is in need of a Administrative Assistant/Secretary to assist her. Although BC has been open for less than a year they have established their stake in the industry with their ability to enhance current products and out sell many of its competitors. They are also known for employee satisfaction. BC considers its employees their greatest asset and offers excellent benefits and compensation. They are a very competitive employer; therefor e their employees are all experienced professionals in their area of expertise. The Administrative Assistant/Secretary Compensation Package Next, John has to develop the compensation/benefits package for his new hire Elizabeth. According to  BLS.gov the median pay in 2012 (the most updated reporting) for an AA/Secretary is $35,330 or $16.99 per hour. (â€Å"Secretaries and Administrative Assistants,† 2014) BC prides itself in hiring and retaining the cream of the crop in all of the areas they employ. They will pay Elizabeth a base salary of $61,000, due to her experience in this industry and position, and her performance will be evaluated in 90 days for a compensation increase. The base salary for an entry level AA/Secretary will be $51,000. This is $975 more than one of their competitors Apple Inc., according to Glassdoor.com (â€Å"Apple AA hourly pay,† 2014) Additionally John will decide on the benefits package. Susan Hatchfield, management and organization development consultant, who specializes in human resources, explains that â€Å"health insurance is the foundation of a comprehensive employee benefits package. Health insurance is the preferred employee benefit of the majority of people who work. [†¦] No comprehensive employee benefits package would be complete without employer paid time off from work. [†¦] Short-term disability insurance ensures that an employee will still receive a percentage of income if they cannot work due to sickness or a disabling injury. [†¦] Long-term care is an insurance policy that protects an employee from loss of income in the event that he or she is unable to work due to illness, injury, or accident for a long period of time. [†¦] Various dental insurance plans are available for employers to offer as part of a comprehensive employee benefits package. [†¦] Vision insurance is a lower cost addition to a comprehensive employee benefits package that is provided by employers. [†¦] Life insurance is an appreciated component in a comprehensive employee benefits package. [†¦]† (Heathfield, 2014, para. 6) All of these benefits will be the basis for the package for the Administrative Assistant/Secretary. Health, dental and vision insurances will be competitively priced with BC covering the majority of the premiums. The short term and long term insurance and a basic life insurance policy will be provided to the employees at no additional cost. BC will also provide a 401(k) investment option to allow employees to invest in their retirement with a 7% match to all investments. They will also allow an employee stock option with the improved dividends of the corporation. She will be given paid time off on a tiered scale, 4 weeks to begin with as well as a 2 day increase every 3 years with a maximum of 6 weeks. All major holidays will  also be paid with additional days off for some selected holidays. The package will include 12 stress/sick days per year. Elizabeth has been an AA/Secretary for the Advertising director with Google for 10 years and is excited to make the transition to Black Corporation. Google is the dream gig for many young professional according to a survey conducted by CB S News. Amy Levin-Epstein, of CBS News’s Money Watch reports that Google offers â€Å"a standard package of fringe benefits, but on top of that are first-class dining facilities, gyms, laundry rooms, massage rooms, haircuts, carwashes, dry cleaning, commuting buses – just about anything a hardworking employee might want.† (LEVIN-EPSTEIN, 2011, para. 2) They even offer free beer. With this in mind, John needs to develop a package that can offer some of the great fringe benefits that Elizabeth is used to. Although BC is a fairly new company they have invested in a state of the art facility, and they have done their research. They incorporated all of the amenities that Google offers as well as onsite training facilities and the option to go to school on campus to earn certifications and degrees. In conclusion, John has completed his task. He has hired Elizabeth as the Administrative Assistant/Secretary for Mary and he has developed a compensation package for the AA/Secretaries of Black Corporation. Elizabeth will start after she submits her 2 weeks notice. References Apple Administrative Assistant Hourly Pay. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.glassdoor.com/Hourly-Pay/Apple-Administrative-Assistant-Hourly-Pay-E1138_D_KO6,30.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, †¨on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ooh/office-and-administrative-support/secretaries-and-administrative-assistants.htm (visited June 16, 2014). Heathfield, S. (2014). What’s In a Comprehensive Employee Benefits Package? Retrieved from http://humanresources.about.com/od/compensation-structure/tp/employee-benefits-package.htm LEVIN-EPSTEIN, A. (2011). Google Job Perks: Top 10 Reasons We Want to Work There. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-job-perks-top-10-reasons-we-want-to-work-there/

The Future of Space Exploration - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1102 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Space Exploration Essay Did you like this example? As long as humanity has existed, people have looked to the stars. They were used for navigation or just to tell stories or explain the universe. Mankind has always dreamt of reaching into the cosmos, and with technology constantly growing, that dream is now a reality. We are reaching further into the sky to learn more about the universe and our own Earth. In order for us to understand the direction of development for new missions, the history of space exploration should be known. The new age of exploration began in 1957 when the Soviet Union successfully launched a satellite, Sputnik, into low-earth orbit. This launch also kickstarted the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States of America. In 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space, orbiting the Earth once. In that same year, Alan Shepard became the first American in space. Marking a new step in outer-space research, Mariner 4, an American spacecraft, began transmitting photographs of Mars in 1965. In a giant leap for mankind. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to walk on the moon in 1969. Setting the stage for further exploration into the cosmos, the United States launched the first space station, Skylab, into orbit in 1973. In 1972, Viking 2 discovers water frost on Mars, paving the way for future studies on possible li fe on the red planet, and in 1997, the Mars Pathfinder rover lands and begins transmitting images. In 2009, the Kepler space telescope was launched in an effort to search for planets the size of Earth orbiting other stars. Setting a precedent for future commercial companies, SpaceX successfully launched a rocket, Falcon 9, into orbit and retrieves in successfully, a first for a non-government company. These past events set the stage for the growth of space programs around the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Future of Space Exploration" essay for you Create order The future of space exploration has already been planned for many years ahead. One of the soonest, the EXOMars mission is set to launch in 2020. The mission will take a European rover and a Russian surface platform to Mars, taking 9 months to travel from earth. This mission is being operated by the European Space Agency, also known as the ESA, and Roscosmos, the Russian space Program. EXOMars plans to collect samples to search for any signs of life or habitable conditions on Mars. The next mission is Euclid, also set to launch in 2020. Euclid is operated by the European Space Agency, and will research dark matter and dark energy. The universe is expanding, and the rate at which it does so is accelerating. The source thought to be responsible for this is referred to as dark energy, and represents up to 75% of the energy content in the universe today. Euclid aims to study this energy, to better understand the accelerating growth of the universe as well as the physics behind the creation of the universe. Prospector 1, operated by Deep Space industries, intends to revolutionize commercial goals involving space. The launch date is not yet set, but is expected to launch between 2020 and 2030. Prospector 1 will land on a near Earth asteroid to analyze the materials found, and determine their worth. If this mission goes well, Deep Space Industries hopes that it will inspire other companies to look to space for materials, and allow for a lower cost alternative to sending some supplies into space. Operated by NASA, the Europa Clipper is set to launch in 2022. Europa will orbit Jupiter, to avoid the strong radiation the planet projects onto its moon, Europa. The spacecraft will makes several quick passes near Europa to research its oceans and icy crust. Europa Clipper will study the thickness of the icy surface, the depth and salinity of the ocean, search for any subsurface lakes, and determine whether or not the ocean could harbor life. The Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, also known as JUICE, will also study Jupiter and its moons. Operated by the European Space Agency and launching in 2022, JUICE will spend two years in orbit around Jupiter, studying the planet and 3 of its moons; Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa. JUICE will map the surfaces of these moons, as well as study the ocean layers and the physical properties of the icy surface, and research Jupiters exosphere. In 2034, the European Space Agency will launch the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, LISA for short. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna consists of three spacecrafts, arranged in an equilateral triangle, each separated by millions of miles. LISA will trail behind the earth in an effort to detect any distortions in spacetime. These distortions, known as gravitational waves, are caused by the collisions between supermassive black holes. The Breakthrough Starshot, operated by Breakthrough Initiatives, is set to launch in 2036. The technology behind this mission seems so implausible, but if the mission succeeds, it will open the way for advancements in space travel. The mission will use light beam technology as power to launch nanocrafts up to speeds of 100 million miles per hour. This will allow the tiny space probes to reach Alpha Centauri in only 20 years, and will fly by Proxima B to study the exoplanet. Proxima B is the closest known exoplanet to our solar system, orbiting Alpha Centauri and possibly being able to harbor life. Breakthrough Initiatives hopes that this mission will go well and prove that light propulsion is a probable future source of fuel. Further exploration into space is necessary for many different reasons. The more efficient space travel becomes, the easier it will be for private companies to utilize the many materials that are much more common in space. Travelling further into space will necessitate the growth of technology. For example, the technology used in the ISS has been used to benefit developing countries on earth. The water filtration system used on the space station is easy to use, and collects water from the atmosphere to bring potable water to communities. The medical community has benefitted as well. Advanced robotics developed to work remotely in space have also been adapted for everyday life. The Canadian Space Agency created the Canadarm 1 and 2, and the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (Dextre). These robots were designed to build and maintain the space station, but inspired the creation of the NeuroArm, which is a robot that allows surgeons to operate with higher precision in an MRI machine. Exploration and discovery has been a part of humanity for centuries, and continues to this day. The new age of space exploration has opened new doors of possibility and discovery into the universe. Since the Soviet Union launched the first satellite into orbit, mankind has tried to expand further into space to discover the secrets of the infinite cosmos.